{"id":31226,"date":"2020-03-20T15:49:07","date_gmt":"2020-03-20T07:49:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/?p=31226"},"modified":"2020-03-20T15:49:07","modified_gmt":"2020-03-20T07:49:07","slug":"%e5%8d%ab%e6%96%af%e7%90%86%e5%af%b9%e5%a4%a9%e5%a0%82%e4%b8%8e%e6%96%b0%e5%88%9b%e9%80%a0%e7%9a%84%e8%a7%82%e7%82%b9-%e7%bb%88%e6%9c%ab%e4%b8%8e%e7%8e%b0%e4%b8%96%e4%b9%83%e5%bd%bc%e6%ad%a4%e7%9b%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/?p=31226","title":{"rendered":"\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5bf9\u5929\u5802\u4e0e\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u7684\u89c2\u70b9 \u7ec8\u672b\u4e0e\u73b0\u4e16\u4e43\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u8fde"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e13\u9898\uff1a\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7684\u672b\u4e16\u89c2
\n\u6574\u7406\u62a5\u9053\/ \u97f5\u7434\u3001\u9707\u51cc<\/p>\n

\u5f15\u8a00<\/strong>
\n\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u601d\u7ef4\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u5929\u65b0\u5730\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u542f\u793a\u5f55\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\uff1a\u9ec4\u91d1\u8857\u3001\u78a7\u7389\u57ce\u3001\u6781\u5927\u7684\u8d5e\u7f8e\u3001\u9759\u6b62\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u6d77\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8fdc\u8c61\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5904\u5883\u62bd\u79bb\uff0c\u7eaf\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5c5e\u5929\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5728\u4ed6\u5bf9\u65b0\u5929\u65b0\u5730\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1b\u800c\u4ed6\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4eca\u751f\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u6551\u6069\u4e4b\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ed6\u8bba\u8ff0\u5728\u4eca\u751f\u5c5e\u7075\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u3002\u6b64\u77ed\u6587\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u91cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u8bba\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bae\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u65b0\u5929\u65b0\u5730\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong>
\n\u201c\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u4f55\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\uff1f\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4f3c\u4e4e\u591a\u6b64\u4e00\u4e3e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u8361\u7136\u65e0\u5b58\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u624d\u6210\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7814\u8bfb\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u6398\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u6765\u56de\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\uff0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u5c42\u9762<\/strong>
\n\u536b\u65af\u7406\u6700\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u624b\u6284\u8bb2\u7ae0\uff0c\u201c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u548c\u91ca\u653e (1725)\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5148\u6c42\u7942\u7684\u56fd(1725)\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bb2\u7ae0\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61 (1730)\u201d\u7686\u5c06\u6551\u6069\u5448\u73b0\u4e3a\u4ece\u5730\u4e0a\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\u4e2d\u5f97\u7740\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u5723\u57ce\u90a3\u91cc\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u559c\u4e50\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f1a\u91cd\u5efa\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u89e3\u6563\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u201d(dissolved body) \u53d8\u4e3a\u4e0d\u80fd\u673d\u574f\u548c\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n

\u536b\u65af\u7406\u76f8\u4fe1\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u5728\u4e91\u4e2d\u964d\u4e34\uff1b\u6b7b\u4eba\u8981\u590d\u6d3b\u548c\u88ab\u5ba1\u5224\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6559\u7236\u5982\u7231\u4efb\u7ebd\uff0c\u4ed6\u575a\u5b9a\u76f8\u4fe1\u6b7b\u53bb\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u4f1a\u5728\u9634\u95f4\u7b49\u5019\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u8054\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6551\u6069\u548c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u4f5c\u597d\u51c6\u5907\uff1b\u85c9\u7740\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u7eaa\u5f8b\uff0c\u8ba9\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u6027\u60c5\u6210\u5f62\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5728\u7231\u5fb7\u95e8\u8857\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u5386\u8ba9\u4ed6\u786e\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7231\u7684\u63a5\u7eb3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u968f\u65f6\u90fd\u80fd\u4e34\u5728\uff08\u7ed9\u4e88\uff09\u7942\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\u3002\u5957\u7528\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u73b0\u4eca\u5c1d\u5230\u201c\u90a3\u5c06\u8981\u6765\u5230\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u201d \u5728\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u83ab\u62c9\u7ef4\u6d3e\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u9082\u9005\uff0c\u53ca\u4ed6\u4e0eThomas Maxfield \u548cGeorge Bell \u8d77\u4e86\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u906d\u9047\uff0c\u536b\u65af\u7406\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u6709\u5173\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u610f\u5373\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u4e0a\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u5e76\u975e\u5373\u523b\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fbe\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u968f\u65f6\u4e34\u5728\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4e3b\u5bb0\u4e86\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5bf9\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u536b\u65af\u7406\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c5e\u7075\u5c42\u9762\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u8036\u7a23\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e3b\u548c\u6551\u4e3b\uff0c\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u6b64\u523b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5f97\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e34\u5230\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6d3b\u8dc3\u3001\u5927\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u795e\u5b50\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5355\u5355\u505c\u7559\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6b63\u5982Collins \u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u536b\u65af\u7406\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u8bba\u53ca\u7ec8\u672b\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u63d0\u95ee\u8bfb\u8005\u4eec\u5982\u4eca\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u6d3b\u51fa\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u536b\u65af\u7406\u6240\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u300a\u5faa\u9053\u536b\u7406\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u300b\uff08The Character of a Methodist\uff09, \u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u536b\u7406\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08Methodism\uff09\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u590d\u539f\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u536b\u7406\u5b97\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u975e\u201c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6216\u90a3\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u201d\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u5173\u4e4e\u4e60\u4fd7\u6216\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5173\u6ce8\u201c\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u9053\u3002\u201d \u4ed6\u770b\u5faa\u9053\u536b\u7406\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u672b\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u5728\u5168\u5730\u5ba3\u626c\u5723\u7ecf\u5723\u6d01\u201d\u4e3a\u5176\u8bcf\u547d\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u628a\u8363\u8000\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6\u5f15\u8fdb\u6069\u5178\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u770b\u89c1\u5929\u5802\u548c\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u7684\u7ec8\u672b\uff08telos\uff09\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0e\u73b0\u4eca\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6b64\u523b\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5b87\u5b99\u8131\u8282\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u52a0\u4ee5\u8be0\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\uff0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c42\u9762<\/strong>
\nMaddox \u6307\u51fa\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u521d\u671f\u65e0\u5343\u79a7\u5e74(amillennial) \u7684\u672b\u4e16\u89c2\u3002\u8fd9\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u536b\u65af\u7406\u4e0e\u524d\u5343\u79a7\u5e74\u6d3e\u7684\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4ee5\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fd0\u4f5c\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4eca\u4e16\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u8d56\u4ee5\u76fc\u671b\u7684\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6ee1\u65e0\u5343\u79a7\u5e74\u6d3e\u7684\u4eba\u5b89\u4e8e\u73b0\u72b6\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u6b64\u523b\u7ecf\u5386\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0f\u7684\u3002\u536b\u65af\u7406\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u4e2d\u201c\u4eba\u795e\u540c\u5de5\u201d\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff1b\u88ab\u795e\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u4eba\u56e0\u4fe1\u85c9\u7740\u5723\u7075\uff0c\u4ee5\u7231\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u6574\u4e2a\u536b\u7406\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f02\u8c61\u548c\u4f7f\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4ed6\u7684 Primitive Physick\uff08 \u4e00\u822c\u4fdd\u5065\u4e0e\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u5c0f\u4e66\uff09\u5f15\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u536b\u65af\u7406\u663e\u793a\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u4f53\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u533b\u6cbb\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u662f\u8981\u7b49\u5019\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u6765\u5230\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u575a\u6301\u5728\u7ec8\u672b\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u5706\u6ee1\u5230\u6765\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7231\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u795e\u613f\u610f\u7ed9\u4e88\u4eba\u5728\u73b0\u4eca\u6709\u4ece\u7942\u800c\u6765\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u536b\u65af\u7406\u4e5f\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8d2b\u7a77\u548c\u84c4\u5974\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb2\u7ae0\u300a\u6709\u5173\u73b0\u4eca\u98df\u7269\u7a00\u5c11\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u300b(Thoughts on the Present Scarcity of Provisions)\uff0c\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5173\u6ce8\u98df\u7269\u7684\u7a00\u5c11\u4e43\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u7389\u7c73\u548c\u5c0f\u9ea6\u88ab\u917f\u9152\u5382\u7528\u6765\u917f\u9152\u548c\u7ed9\u4e88\u9a6c\u5339\u5582\u98df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4e5f\u663e\u660e\u4e86\u4ed6\u7ec8\u672b\u7684\u53d7\u6258\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5bf9\u5929\u5802\u548c\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u7684\u8fdc\u8c61\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u5ba3\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u524d\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u85c9\u7740\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ec8\u672b\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5e26\u5230\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u536b\u65af\u7406\u89c6\u536b\u7406\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u672b\u80a2\u4f53\uff0c\u8981\u6210\u5c31\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u672b\u4e16\u7684\u53ec\u5524\u3002\u536b\u65af\u7406\u548c\u6574\u4e2a\u536b\u7406\u8fd0\u52a8\u6d3b\u8dc3\u53c2\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u5929\u5802\u548c\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u53ca\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6027\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\uff0e\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5c42\u9762<\/strong>
\n\u5728\u4ed61785 \u6240\u5199\u7684\u300a\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u300b\uff08New Creation\uff09\uff0c\u5e74\u8001\u7684\u536b\u65af\u7406\u57fa\u4e8e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0e\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a8\u6d4b\u6709\u4e09\u91cd\u5929\u7ed9\u4e88\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002 \u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u5929\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5c45\u6240\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u536b\u65af\u7406\u4e5f\u89e3\u91ca\u5723\u5f92\u4f1a\u6682\u65f6\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u91cd\u5929\u7b49\u5019\u65b0\u5929\u65b0\u5730\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e24\u91cd\u5929\u5373\u662f\u5c18\u4e16
\n\u7684\u6216\u662f\u5730\u7403\uff0c\u548c\u5c5e\u5929\u7684\u6216\u661f\u7a7a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u91cd\u5929\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5386\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u867d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u8d28\u91cf\u5c06\u7ecf\u5386\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u4e2d\uff0c\u706b\u4e0d\u518d\u6bc1\u706d\u6216\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5143\u7d20\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff1a\u7a7a\u6c14\u3001\u6c34\u548c\u571f\u5730\u3002\u5728\u536b\u65af\u7406\u8f83\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u7406\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5e76\u975e\u4f4d\u4e8e\u201c\u5929\u4e0a\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5185\u5c45\u5404\u6837\u6784\u6210\u201c\u5de8\u5927\u751f\u7269\u94fe\u201d(Great Chain of Being) \u7684\u6d3b\u7269\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u53ef\u8c13\u201c\u5929\u5730\u5408\u4e00\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5929\u4e0a\u5730\u4e0b\u6700\u7ec8\u5408\u800c\u4e3a\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f9d\u636e\u4ee5\u8d5b\u4e9a\u516d\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0\u548c\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u516b\u7ae0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ed6\u6240\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e74\u8001\u7684\u536b\u65af\u7406\u786e\u4fe1\u6574\u4e2a\u521b\u9020\u754c\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u52a8\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u57281781 \u5e74\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u516b19\u201422 \u8bb2\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5927\u80c6\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u8fa9\u8bba\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u4e07\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u6ee1\u6709\u601c\u60af\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7942\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5ffd\u89c6\u52a8\u7269\uff1a\u6574\u4e2a\u52a8\u7269\u754c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u5c06\u88ab\u4fee\u590d\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5230\u539f\u6709\u88ab\u9020\u65f6\u7684\u7684\u7cbe\u58ee\u3001\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u548c\u654f\u6377\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u4eab\u6709\u6bd4\u539f\u5148\u8fd8\u8981\u9ad8\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u536b\u65af\u7406\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u4e49\u548c\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bb9\u8bb8\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u5815\u843d\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u6b7b\u5e26\u6765\u5730\u4e0a\u66f4\u5723\u6d01\u548c\u6b22\u6b23\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u201c\u5728\u5929\u4e0a\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u6b22\u6b23, \u6709\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u6765\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u201d\u6b63\u5982Maddox \u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u6307\u51fa\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u536b\u65af\u7406\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4fee\u590d\u5815\u843d\u7684\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5176\u539f\u6709\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5c06\u91cd\u9020\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u754c\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b83\u4eec\u6bd4\u539f\u5148\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u8499\u798f\u3002 \u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u63a8\u6d4b\u5728\u6765\u751f\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5c06\u628a\u52a8\u7269\u5728\u751f\u7269\u94fe\u4e2d\u63d0\u5347— \u8ba9\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5982\u4eba\u7c7b\u76ee\u524d\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6c9f\u901a\uff01<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5728\u4ed6\u4f20\u8bb2\u300a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u300b\uff08The General Deliverance\uff09\u8d8a\u53d1\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u542c\u89c1\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u542f\u793a\u5f55\u7684\u5f15\u8a00\u800c\u6765\u8c26\u5351\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u63d0\u53ca\u4ed6\u6323\u624e\u8981\u5c1d\u8bd5\u66f4\u660e\u767d\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5fc3\u58f0\u3002\u4ed6\u5b58\u7740\u76fc\u671b\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u201c\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\uff08\u9884\u8a00\uff09\u5230\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1b\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f00\u542f\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5230\u4e86\u6c38\u6052\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u56e0\u6b64\u4f5c\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u201c\u867d\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u4eae\u5149\u800c\u9882\u8d5e\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u4e3a\u7740\u7942\u7684\u8363\u8000\u529b\u6c42\u63d0\u5347\u6539\u5584\u3002\u201dOlson \u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ec8\u672b\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u6574\u5168\u6210\u719f\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u505a\u95e8\u5f92\u7684\u610f\u4e49<\/strong>
\n\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e0a\u521d\u6b65\u7814\u8bfb\u536b\u65af\u7406\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5bf9\u5929\u5802\u548c\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u4ee5\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6551\u6069\u89c2\u4e3a\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7ec8\u672b\u7684\u8fdc\u8c61\u548c\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5145\u6ea2\u548c\u51b3\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4eca\u5982\u4f55\u7684\u6d3b\u7740\u3002Olson \u8ba4\u4e3a\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u7ec8\u672b\u8bba\u754c\u4e2d\u5e76\u975e\u4ec0\u4e48\u9769\u65b0\u3002\u201c\u4ed6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u4ecb\u4efb\u4f55\u65b0\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u521b\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u5b66\u6d3e\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u662f\u5f00\u7814\u65b0\u7684\u672b\u4e16\u8bba\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u201d\u5373\u6216\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u62b9\u6740\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u505c\u7559\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4eba\u85c9\u7740\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u6551\u6069\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u7684\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u5c42\u9762\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u7ec8\u672b\u4e0e\u73b0\u4e16\u6b64\u65f6\u6b64\u523b\u8fde\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ec8\u672b\u52a8\u529b\u5e26\u7ed9\u5eff\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u95e8\u5f92\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n

1. \u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8fdc\u8c61\u9700\u6df1\u6df1\u7684\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u672b\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6240\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5929\u5802\u548c\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u6d88\u6781\u5730\u6d3b\u7740\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u6551\u8d4e\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u4fee\u590d\u548c\u518d\u9020\u4e4b\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u672a\u6765\u7684\u7ec8\u672b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u73b0\u4e16\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u8fde\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u4fee\u590d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u7942\u6069\u5178\u4e2d\u6240\u8d50\u798f\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5b9e\u884c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u7ba1\u5bb6\u804c\u5206\uff0c\u5728\u533b\u836f\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u3001\u6280\u672f\u3001\u73af\u4fdd\u3001\u795e\u4e49\u8bba\u3001\u516c\u4e49\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u80dc\u8fc7\u8d2a\u6c61\u3001\u52a8\u7269\u8650\u5f85\u5982\u6ee5\u6740\u548c\u8650\u5f85\u52a8\u7269\u4ee5\u6c42\u53d6\u65b0\u9896\u5947\u5f02\u70f9\u8c03\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\u4eba\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u5982\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u3001\u8d29\u5356\u4eba\u53e3\u7b49\uff09\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bae\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u5bf9\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u4e2d\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u6301\u6709\u8c26\u5351\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6e05\u695a\u4ece\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5728\u65b0\u7ea6\u89e3\u7ecf\u7b14\u8bb0\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u542f\u793a\u5f55\u5f15\u8a00\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4e00\u756a\u8bdd\u3002\u50b2\u6162\u62d2\u7edd\u4e00\u4e2a\u91ca\u7ecf\u5708\u5b50\u5171\u540c\u7684\u503e\u542c\u548c\u53cd\u601d\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7814\u8bfb\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u5408\u4e00\u548c\u6df7\u4e71\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u6b63\u5982\u536b\u65af\u7406\u6240\u884c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u62e3\u9009\uff0c\u626e\u6f14\u5148\u77e5\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u53bb\u5ba3\u544a\u548c\u8ba9\u4eba\u80fd\u5728\u7f6a\u75c5\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b55\u80b2\u548c\u6d3b\u51fa\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u7684\u6574\u5168\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u76fc\u671b\u7684\u7ec8\u672b\u795e\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4e13\u9898\uff1a\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7684\u672b\u4e16\u89c2 \u6574\u7406\u62a5\u9053\/ \u97f5\u7434\u3001\u9707\u51cc \u5f15\u8a00 \u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u601d\u7ef4\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u5929\u65b0\u5730\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u542f\u793a\u5f55\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\uff1a\u9ec4\u91d1\u8857\u3001\u78a7\u7389\u57ce\u3001\u6781\u5927\u7684\u8d5e\u7f8e\u3001\u9759\u6b62\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u6d77\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8fdc\u8c61\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5904\u5883\u62bd\u79bb\uff0c\u7eaf\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5c5e\u5929\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5728\u4ed6\u5bf9\u65b0\u5929\u65b0\u5730\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1b\u800c\u4ed6\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4eca\u751f\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u6551\u6069\u4e4b\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ed6\u8bba\u8ff0\u5728\u4eca\u751f\u5c5e\u7075\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u3002\u6b64\u77ed\u6587\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u91cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u8bba\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bae\u9898\u3002 \u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u65b0\u5929\u65b0\u5730\u7684\u6982\u5ff5 \u201c\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u4f55\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\uff1f\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4f3c\u4e4e\u591a\u6b64\u4e00\u4e3e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u8361\u7136\u65e0\u5b58\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u624d\u6210\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7814\u8bfb\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u6398\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u6765\u56de\u5e94\u3002 \u4e00\uff0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u5c42\u9762 \u536b\u65af\u7406\u6700\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u624b\u6284\u8bb2\u7ae0\uff0c\u201c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u548c\u91ca\u653e (1725)\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5148\u6c42\u7942\u7684\u56fd(1725)\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bb2\u7ae0\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61 (1730)\u201d\u7686\u5c06\u6551\u6069\u5448\u73b0\u4e3a\u4ece\u5730\u4e0a\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\u4e2d\u5f97\u7740\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u5723\u57ce\u90a3\u91cc\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u559c\u4e50\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f1a\u91cd\u5efa\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u89e3\u6563\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u201d(dissolved body) \u53d8\u4e3a\u4e0d\u80fd\u673d\u574f\u548c\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u3002 \u536b\u65af\u7406\u76f8\u4fe1\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u5728\u4e91\u4e2d\u964d\u4e34\uff1b\u6b7b\u4eba\u8981\u590d\u6d3b\u548c\u88ab\u5ba1\u5224\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6559\u7236\u5982\u7231\u4efb\u7ebd\uff0c\u4ed6\u575a\u5b9a\u76f8\u4fe1\u6b7b\u53bb\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u4f1a\u5728\u9634\u95f4\u7b49\u5019\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u8054\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6551\u6069\u548c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u4f5c\u597d\u51c6\u5907\uff1b\u85c9\u7740\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u7eaa\u5f8b\uff0c\u8ba9\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u6027\u60c5\u6210\u5f62\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u3002 \u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5728\u7231\u5fb7\u95e8\u8857\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u5386\u8ba9\u4ed6\u786e\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7231\u7684\u63a5\u7eb3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u968f\u65f6\u90fd\u80fd\u4e34\u5728\uff08\u7ed9\u4e88\uff09\u7942\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\u3002\u5957\u7528\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u73b0\u4eca\u5c1d\u5230\u201c\u90a3\u5c06\u8981\u6765\u5230\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u201d \u5728\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u83ab\u62c9\u7ef4\u6d3e\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u9082\u9005\uff0c\u53ca\u4ed6\u4e0eThomas Maxfield \u548cGeorge Bell \u8d77\u4e86\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u906d\u9047\uff0c\u536b\u65af\u7406\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u6709\u5173\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u610f\u5373\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u4e0a\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u5e76\u975e\u5373\u523b\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fbe\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u968f\u65f6\u4e34\u5728\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4e3b\u5bb0\u4e86\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5bf9\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002 \u5bf9\u536b\u65af\u7406\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c5e\u7075\u5c42\u9762\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u8036\u7a23\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e3b\u548c\u6551\u4e3b\uff0c\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u6b64\u523b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5f97\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e34\u5230\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6d3b\u8dc3\u3001\u5927\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u795e\u5b50\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5355\u5355\u505c\u7559\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6b63\u5982Collins \u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u536b\u65af\u7406\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u8bba\u53ca\u7ec8\u672b\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u63d0\u95ee\u8bfb\u8005\u4eec\u5982\u4eca\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u6d3b\u51fa\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002 \u5728\u536b\u65af\u7406\u6240\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u300a\u5faa\u9053\u536b\u7406\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u300b\uff08The Character of a Methodist\uff09, \u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u536b\u7406\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08Methodism\uff09\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u590d\u539f\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u536b\u7406\u5b97\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u975e\u201c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6216\u90a3\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u201d\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u5173\u4e4e\u4e60\u4fd7\u6216\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5173\u6ce8\u201c\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u9053\u3002\u201d \u4ed6\u770b\u5faa\u9053\u536b\u7406\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u672b\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u5728\u5168\u5730\u5ba3\u626c\u5723\u7ecf\u5723\u6d01\u201d\u4e3a\u5176\u8bcf\u547d\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u628a\u8363\u8000\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6\u5f15\u8fdb\u6069\u5178\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u770b\u89c1\u5929\u5802\u548c\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u7684\u7ec8\u672b\uff08telos\uff09\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0e\u73b0\u4eca\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6b64\u523b\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5b87\u5b99\u8131\u8282\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u52a0\u4ee5\u8be0\u91ca\u3002 \u4e8c\uff0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c42\u9762 Maddox \u6307\u51fa\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u521d\u671f\u65e0\u5343\u79a7\u5e74(amillennial) \u7684\u672b\u4e16\u89c2\u3002\u8fd9\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u536b\u65af\u7406\u4e0e\u524d\u5343\u79a7\u5e74\u6d3e\u7684\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4ee5\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fd0\u4f5c\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4eca\u4e16\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u8d56\u4ee5\u76fc\u671b\u7684\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6ee1\u65e0\u5343\u79a7\u5e74\u6d3e\u7684\u4eba\u5b89\u4e8e\u73b0\u72b6\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002 \u6b63\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u6b64\u523b\u7ecf\u5386\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0f\u7684\u3002\u536b\u65af\u7406\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u4e2d\u201c\u4eba\u795e\u540c\u5de5\u201d\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff1b\u88ab\u795e\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u4eba\u56e0\u4fe1\u85c9\u7740\u5723\u7075\uff0c\u4ee5\u7231\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u6574\u4e2a\u536b\u7406\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f02\u8c61\u548c\u4f7f\u547d\u3002 \u5728\u4ed6\u7684 Primitive Physick\uff08 \u4e00\u822c\u4fdd\u5065\u4e0e\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u5c0f\u4e66\uff09\u5f15\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u536b\u65af\u7406\u663e\u793a\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u4f53\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u533b\u6cbb\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u662f\u8981\u7b49\u5019\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u6765\u5230\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u575a\u6301\u5728\u7ec8\u672b\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u5706\u6ee1\u5230\u6765\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7231\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u795e\u613f\u610f\u7ed9\u4e88\u4eba\u5728\u73b0\u4eca\u6709\u4ece\u7942\u800c\u6765\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002 \u536b\u65af\u7406\u4e5f\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8d2b\u7a77\u548c\u84c4\u5974\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb2\u7ae0\u300a\u6709\u5173\u73b0\u4eca\u98df\u7269\u7a00\u5c11\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u300b(Thoughts on the Present Scarcity of Provisions)\uff0c\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5173\u6ce8\u98df\u7269\u7684\u7a00\u5c11\u4e43\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u7389\u7c73\u548c\u5c0f\u9ea6\u88ab\u917f\u9152\u5382\u7528\u6765\u917f\u9152\u548c\u7ed9\u4e88\u9a6c\u5339\u5582\u98df\u3002 \u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4e5f\u663e\u660e\u4e86\u4ed6\u7ec8\u672b\u7684\u53d7\u6258\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5bf9\u5929\u5802\u548c\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u7684\u8fdc\u8c61\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u5ba3\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u524d\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u85c9\u7740\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ec8\u672b\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5e26\u5230\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u536b\u65af\u7406\u89c6\u536b\u7406\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u672b\u80a2\u4f53\uff0c\u8981\u6210\u5c31\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u672b\u4e16\u7684\u53ec\u5524\u3002\u536b\u65af\u7406\u548c\u6574\u4e2a\u536b\u7406\u8fd0\u52a8\u6d3b\u8dc3\u53c2\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u5929\u5802\u548c\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u53ca\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6027\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002 \u4e09\uff0e\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5c42\u9762 \u5728\u4ed61785 \u6240\u5199\u7684\u300a\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u300b\uff08New Creation\uff09\uff0c\u5e74\u8001\u7684\u536b\u65af\u7406\u57fa\u4e8e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0e\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a8\u6d4b\u6709\u4e09\u91cd\u5929\u7ed9\u4e88\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002 \u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u5929\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5c45\u6240\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u536b\u65af\u7406\u4e5f\u89e3\u91ca\u5723\u5f92\u4f1a\u6682\u65f6\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u91cd\u5929\u7b49\u5019\u65b0\u5929\u65b0\u5730\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e24\u91cd\u5929\u5373\u662f\u5c18\u4e16 \u7684\u6216\u662f\u5730\u7403\uff0c\u548c\u5c5e\u5929\u7684\u6216\u661f\u7a7a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u91cd\u5929\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5386\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u867d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u8d28\u91cf\u5c06\u7ecf\u5386\u6539\u53d8\u3002 \u5728\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u4e2d\uff0c\u706b\u4e0d\u518d\u6bc1\u706d\u6216\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5143\u7d20\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff1a\u7a7a\u6c14\u3001\u6c34\u548c\u571f\u5730\u3002\u5728\u536b\u65af\u7406\u8f83\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u7406\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5e76\u975e\u4f4d\u4e8e\u201c\u5929\u4e0a\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5185\u5c45\u5404\u6837\u6784\u6210\u201c\u5de8\u5927\u751f\u7269\u94fe\u201d(Great Chain of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":48980,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,2,250],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31226"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=31226"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31226\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/48980"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=31226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=31226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=31226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}