{"id":37563,"date":"2020-11-02T16:25:20","date_gmt":"2020-11-02T08:25:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/?p=37563"},"modified":"2020-11-02T16:25:20","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T08:25:20","slug":"%e7%a5%96%e7%b1%8d%e4%ba%ba%e5%8f%a3%e5%8d%a0%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e5%a4%9a-%e7%be%8e%e4%bb%a5%e7%be%8e%e6%95%99%e4%bc%9a%e4%b8%8e%e5%be%b7%e5%9b%bd%e4%ba%ba%e5%85%b3%e7%b3%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/?p=37563","title":{"rendered":"(20)\uff1a\u7956\u7c4d\u4eba\u53e3\u5360\u7b2c\u4e8c\u591a \u7f8e\u4ee5\u7f8e\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7f8e\u4ee5\u7f8e\u7684\u6545\u4e8b(20)
\n\u6587\/\u9ec4\u5b5f\u793c\uff08\u672c\u62a5\u603b\u7f16\u8f91\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3001\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u3001\u7802\u62c9\u8d8a\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u536b\u7406\u5b97\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f8e\u56fd\u536b\u7406\u5dee\u4f1a\u65e9\u671f\u6d3e\u6765\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u7c4d\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u540d\u5217\u5176\u4e2d\uff1b\u8f83\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u719f\u6089\u7684\u5c31\u662f1903\u5e74\u4e0e\u6797\u79f0\u7f8e\u7267\u5e08\u5e26\u9886\u798f\u5dde\u4eba\u81f3\u9a6c\u6765\u534a\u5c9b\u9739\u96f3\u5dde\u5b9e\u5146\u8fdc\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u7c4d\u67f3\u4f9d\u7f8e\u7267\u5e08\uff08Rev. Heinrich Ludwig Emil Luering\uff0c1863-1937\u5e74\uff09\u4e86\u3002\u53e6\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u5fb7\u7c4d\u5973\u6559\u58eb\u66fe\u5728\u8bd7\u5deb\u897f\u5cb8\u6728\u6842\u5170\u536b\u7406\u8bca\u7597\u6240\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5979\u662fLydia Moring\u62a4\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u6765\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u7f8e\u6d32\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u7c4d\u4eba\u53e3\u67095\u5343\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u5360\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u53e317%\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u591a\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c17\u4e16\u7eaa\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u7f8e\u56fd\u907f\u96be\u3002\u8fd9\u79fb\u6c11\u6d6a\u6f6e\u82e5\u8981\u63a8\u6eaf\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u65e9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e0e16\u4e16\u7eaa\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u540e\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u201c\u4e94\u6708\u82b1\u201d\u66f4\u65e9<\/span><\/strong>
\n1517\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u53d1\u5e03\u300a\u4e5d\u5341\u4e94\u6761\u8bba\u7eb2\u300b\u6210\u4e3a\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5168\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\u30021529\u5e74\u6240\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u30011541\u5e74\u7684\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6d3e\u30011571\u5e74\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u65b0\u6559\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u201d\uff08Protestant\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5404\u81ea\u6d41\u884c\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4f7f\u6b27\u6d32\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u201d\uff08\u65e7\u6559\uff09\u4e0e\u201c\u65b0\u6559\u201d\u4e24\u5927\u9635\u8425\uff0c\u800c\u795e\u5723\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u8bf8\u4faf\u5219\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e25\u91cd\u6b67\u89c1\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5206\u88c2\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u65e7\u3001\u65b0\u4e24\u6559\u7684\u65e7\u3001\u65b0\u4e24\u6d3e\u3002
\n\u53f2\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u201d\uff08Thirty Years’ War\uff0c1618\u5e74\uff0d1648\u5e74\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u795e\u5723\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u6f14\u53d8\u800c\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6b27\u6d32\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u4ee5\u6ce2\u5e0c\u7c73\u4e9a\u4eba\uff08Bohemian\uff09\u53cd\u6297\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\uff08Habsburgs\uff09\u5bb6\u65cf\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e3a\u8087\u59cb\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4ee5\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u5bb6\u65cf\u6218\u8d25\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1648\u5e74\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e16\u754c\u9996\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u7ea6\u300a\u5a01\u65af\u7279\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u7ea6\u300b\uff08Peace of Westphalia\uff09\u800c\u544a\u7ec8\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u4f7f\u5404\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u90a6\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u88ab\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\u7ea625-40%\uff1b\u8def\u5fb7\u57ce\u5a01\u767b\u5821\u670975%\u4eba\u53e3\u9635\u4ea1\uff0c\u6ce2\u7f8e\u62c9\u5c3c\u4e9a\u670965%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u9635\u4ea1\uff0c\u897f\u91cc\u897f\u4e9a\u670925%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u9635\u4ea1\uff0c\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u5404\u90a6\u56fd\u7537\u6027\u5c06\u8fd150%\u9635\u4ea1\u3002\u6218\u540e\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u6df1\u706b\u70ed\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c0b\u751f\u4e0d\u6613\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53d7\u9650\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u4eec\u60f3\u9003\u5f80\u4fe1\u4ef0\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\u5927\u5730\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u66f4\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6216\u6210\u4e3a\u5951\u7ea6\u52b3\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n

1680-1760\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u524d\u6765\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bbe\u5915\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u5fb7\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u8005\u662f1607\u5e74\u7684Dr Johannes Fleischer\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u5219\u67095\u4f4d\u73bb\u7483\u5320\u30013\u4f4d\u6728\u5320\uff0c\u8fd8\u670913\u4f4d\u8d35\u683c\u4f1a\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u524d\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9760\u8fd1\u8d39\u57ce\u9644\u8fd1\u4e3a\u79fb\u6b96\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u6bd41620\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u4e94\u6708\u82b1\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u201d\u62b5\u6b65\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\uff08Massachusetts\uff09\u66f4\u65e9\u4e8612\u5e74\u5462\uff01<\/p>\n

1683\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u533a\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u591a\u540e\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5fb7\u56fd\u9547\u201d\uff08Germantown\uff09\u30021709\u5e74\u5219\u670913\uff0c000\u540d\u81ea\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684Palatinate\uff08\u540e\u79f0\u83b1\u8335\uff0d\u666e\u6cd5\u5c14\u8328\u5730\u533a\uff0cPfalz\uff09\u5730\u533a\u79fb\u5c45\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e09\u5343\u540d\u7a0d\u540e\u79fb\u5f80\u7ebd\u7ea6\u9644\u8fd1\u7684Albany\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bbe\u5dde\u3001\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4e0a\u5dde\u53ca\u7ef4\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684Shenandoh\u5c71\u8c37\u6210\u4e3a\u5fb7\u7c4d\u7684\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u4fe1\u5f92\u53ca\u4eba\u6570\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u6469\u62c9\u7ef4\u4e9a\u6d3e\u3001\u95e8\u8bfa\u6d3e\u53ca\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4fe1\u5f92\u9646\u7eed\u79fb\u6c11\u524d\u6765\u7684\u9996\u9009\u4e4b\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u7763\u540c\u5bc5\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6d3e\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6709\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u540c\u5bc5\u4f1a\u201d\uff08The Church of United Brethren in Christ\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u540c\u5bc5\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u201c\u5f1f\u5144\u4f1a\u201d \uff09\u7684\u4f1a\u4f17\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u7531\u65e9\u57281800\u5e74\u4e00\u7fa4\u5206\u6563\u5728\u9a6c\u91cc\u5170\u5dde\uff08Maryland\uff09\u3001\u5bbe\u5915\u51e1\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\uff08Pennsylvania\uff09\u548c\u7ef4\u73cd\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\uff08Virginia\uff09\u8bf4\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff1b\u59cb\u521b\u4eba\u662f\u5965\u5fb7\u5bbe\uff08William Otherbein\uff0c1726-1813\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u6559\u4f1a\u4e2d\u88ab\u6309\u7acb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1752\u5e74\u88ab\u6d3e\u5f80\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bbe\u5dde\uff0c1761\u5e74\u9047\u89c1\u5b9d\u9a6c\u7530\uff08Martin Boehm\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u95e8\u8bfa\u4f1aGerman Mennonite\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff09\u30021774\u5e74\uff0c\u5965\u5fb7\u5bbe\u5728\u5df4\u5c14\u7684\u6469\u4e0e\u9a6c\u91cc\u5170\u5dde\u7684\u7267\u517b\u6559\u4f1a\u81f3\u5b89\u606f\u4e3b\u6000\uff1b\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4e9a\u65af\u7406\u6709\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u66fe\u57281784\u5e74\u5723\u8bde\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e2d\u53c2\u4e0e\u6309\u7acb\u4e9a\u65af\u7406\u4e3a\u4f1a\u7763\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u6309\u7acb\u7267\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

1800\u5e749\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u201c\u540c\u5bc5\u4f1a\u201d\u4e3e\u884c\u9996\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u65f6\uff0c\u5965\u5fb7\u5bbe\u4e0e\u5b9d\u9a6c\u7530\uff08Martin Boehm\uff09\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u4f1a\u7763\u3002\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u540c\u5bc5\u4f1a\u201d\u662f\u627f\u88ad\u957f\u8001\u5b97\u548c\u516c\u7406\u5b97\u7684\u4f18\u826f\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u91c7\u7eb3\u5747\u8861\u4f1a\u7763\u5236\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u4f1a\u7763\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u884c\u653f\u76d1\u7763\u800c\u975e\u627f\u88ad\uff0c\u6545\u7531\u603b\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u51fa\uff0c\u9996\u4f4d\u4efb\u671f4\u5e74\uff0c\u8fde\u9009\u5f97\u8fde\u4efb\u3002\u7267\u5e08\u4e0e\u4fe1\u5f92\u51fa\u5e2d\u603b\u8bae\u4f1a\u4eba\u6570\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u6bcf4\u5e74\u4e3e\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u603b\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e43\u662f\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u56e2\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n

1946\u5e74\uff0c\u540c\u5bc5\u4f1a\u548c\u9075\u9053\u516c\u4f1a\u7ed3\u5408\u800c\u79f0\u201c\u8054\u5408\u540c\u5bc5\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\u9075\u9053\u516c\u4f1a\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u798f\u97f3\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u7231\u5c14\u62d4\uff08Jacob Albright\uff0c1759-1808\uff09\u6240\u521b\u7acb\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cEvangelical Association\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u7267\u517b\u5fb7\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u800c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u30021807\u5e74\u4e3e\u884c\u9996\u5c4a\u5e74\u4f1a\uff0c1816\u5e74\u4e3e\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u603b\u8bae\u4f1a\u30021894\u5e74\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u793e\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u7ea6\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4f1a\u53cb\u53e6\u7ec4\u201c\u9075\u9053\u516c\u4f1a\u201d\uff08United evangelical Church\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4f59\u7ec4\u201c\u798f\u97f3\u516c\u7406\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Evangelical Congregational Chruch\uff09\uff0c1968\u5e74\u5408\u4f75\u52a0\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u5408\u536b\u7406\u516c\u4f1a\u3002\u867d\u7136\u201c\u798f\u97f3\u516c\u7406\u4f1a\u201d\u4e8e1968\u5e74\u59cb\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u4f46\u8c08\u53ca\u536b\u7406\u516c\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u4e5f\u9700\u65c1\u53ca\u8be5\u4f1a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u524d\u6765\u4e1c\u65b9\u5ba3\u6559\u65f6\u6709\u5fb7\u56fd\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u4e0d\u514d\u770b\u51fa\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u540c\u5bc5\u4f1a\u53ca\u9075\u9053\u516c\u4f1a\u52a0\u5165\u536b\u7406\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f55\u51b5\u4f1a\u7956\u7ea6\u7ff0\u536b\u65af\u7406\uff08John Wesley\uff0c1703-1791\uff09\u53c8\u4e0e\u6469\u62c9\u7ef4\u4e9a\u66fe\u6709\u5f88\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u4ed6\u57281738\u5e74\u56de\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0d\u4e45\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u52a8\u8eab\u524d\u5f80\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e3b\u62a4\u57ce\uff08Herrnhut\uff09\u62dc\u8bbf\u6469\u62c9\u7ef4\u4e9a\u6559\u4f1a\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u94a6\u5c91\u591a\u592b\uff08Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf\uff0c1700\uff0d1760\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u67f3\u4f9d\u7f8e\u7267\u5e08\uff08Rev. Heinrich Ludwig Emil Luering\uff0c1863-1937\u5e74\uff09\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u201d\u57281903\u5e74\u798f\u5dde\u4eba\u524d\u5f80\u5b9e\u5146\u8fdc\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4e8b\u8ff9\u4e2d\uff1b\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5174\u5316\u3001\u5357\u660c\u3001\u829c\u6e56\u7b49\u533b\u9662\u662f\u7531William Nast\u53caGamble Nast\u7684\u5fb7\u7c4d\u5bb6\u65cf\u6350\u732e\u800c\u5efa\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u4e5d\u6c5f\u7684\u540c\u6587\u4e2d\u5b66\uff0c\u5176\u82f1\u6587\u540d\u4e3aWilliam Nast Academy\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5357\u4f1f\u70c8\u4e2d\u5b66\u201d\u3002\u5357\u4f1f\u70c8\uff081807-1899\u5e74\uff09\u662f\u4ece\u5fb7\u56fd\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u4ee5\u7f8e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700\u65e9\u4f7f\u7528\u5fb7\u8bed\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e13\u95e8\u7531\u5fb7\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7ec4\u7ec7\u540e\u5411\u5fb7\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u5206\u652f\u4e5f\u53c2\u4e0e\u7f8e\u4ee5\u7f8e\u4f1a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b66\u6821\u624d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u201c\u5357\u4f1f\u70c8\u201d\u547d\u540d\uff1b\u5357\u4f1f\u70c8\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u2022\u7eb3\u65af\u7279\uff08Albert Nast\uff0c1846-1936\u5e74\uff09\u957f\u671f\u62c5\u4efb\u8be5\u5b66\u6821\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7f8e\u4ee5\u7f8e\u7684\u6545\u4e8b(20) \u6587\/\u9ec4\u5b5f\u793c\uff08\u672c\u62a5\u603b\u7f16\u8f91\uff09 \u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3001\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u3001\u7802\u62c9\u8d8a\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u536b\u7406\u5b97\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f8e\u56fd\u536b\u7406\u5dee\u4f1a\u65e9\u671f\u6d3e\u6765\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u7c4d\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u540d\u5217\u5176\u4e2d\uff1b\u8f83\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u719f\u6089\u7684\u5c31\u662f1903\u5e74\u4e0e\u6797\u79f0\u7f8e\u7267\u5e08\u5e26\u9886\u798f\u5dde\u4eba\u81f3\u9a6c\u6765\u534a\u5c9b\u9739\u96f3\u5dde\u5b9e\u5146\u8fdc\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u7c4d\u67f3\u4f9d\u7f8e\u7267\u5e08\uff08Rev. Heinrich Ludwig Emil Luering\uff0c1863-1937\u5e74\uff09\u4e86\u3002\u53e6\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u5fb7\u7c4d\u5973\u6559\u58eb\u66fe\u5728\u8bd7\u5deb\u897f\u5cb8\u6728\u6842\u5170\u536b\u7406\u8bca\u7597\u6240\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5979\u662fLydia Moring\u62a4\u58eb\u3002 \u539f\u6765\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u7f8e\u6d32\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u7c4d\u4eba\u53e3\u67095\u5343\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u5360\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u53e317%\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u591a\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c17\u4e16\u7eaa\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u7f8e\u56fd\u907f\u96be\u3002\u8fd9\u79fb\u6c11\u6d6a\u6f6e\u82e5\u8981\u63a8\u6eaf\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u65e9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e0e16\u4e16\u7eaa\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u540e\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u6709\u5173\u3002 \u6bd4\u201c\u4e94\u6708\u82b1\u201d\u66f4\u65e9 1517\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u53d1\u5e03\u300a\u4e5d\u5341\u4e94\u6761\u8bba\u7eb2\u300b\u6210\u4e3a\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5168\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\u30021529\u5e74\u6240\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u30011541\u5e74\u7684\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6d3e\u30011571\u5e74\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u65b0\u6559\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u201d\uff08Protestant\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5404\u81ea\u6d41\u884c\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4f7f\u6b27\u6d32\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u201d\uff08\u65e7\u6559\uff09\u4e0e\u201c\u65b0\u6559\u201d\u4e24\u5927\u9635\u8425\uff0c\u800c\u795e\u5723\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u8bf8\u4faf\u5219\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e25\u91cd\u6b67\u89c1\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5206\u88c2\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u65e7\u3001\u65b0\u4e24\u6559\u7684\u65e7\u3001\u65b0\u4e24\u6d3e\u3002 \u53f2\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u201d\uff08Thirty Years’ War\uff0c1618\u5e74\uff0d1648\u5e74\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u795e\u5723\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u6f14\u53d8\u800c\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6b27\u6d32\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u4ee5\u6ce2\u5e0c\u7c73\u4e9a\u4eba\uff08Bohemian\uff09\u53cd\u6297\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\uff08Habsburgs\uff09\u5bb6\u65cf\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e3a\u8087\u59cb\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4ee5\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u5bb6\u65cf\u6218\u8d25\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1648\u5e74\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e16\u754c\u9996\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u7ea6\u300a\u5a01\u65af\u7279\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u7ea6\u300b\uff08Peace of Westphalia\uff09\u800c\u544a\u7ec8\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u4f7f\u5404\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u90a6\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u88ab\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\u7ea625-40%\uff1b\u8def\u5fb7\u57ce\u5a01\u767b\u5821\u670975%\u4eba\u53e3\u9635\u4ea1\uff0c\u6ce2\u7f8e\u62c9\u5c3c\u4e9a\u670965%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u9635\u4ea1\uff0c\u897f\u91cc\u897f\u4e9a\u670925%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u9635\u4ea1\uff0c\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u5404\u90a6\u56fd\u7537\u6027\u5c06\u8fd150%\u9635\u4ea1\u3002\u6218\u540e\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u6df1\u706b\u70ed\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c0b\u751f\u4e0d\u6613\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53d7\u9650\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u4eec\u60f3\u9003\u5f80\u4fe1\u4ef0\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\u5927\u5730\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u66f4\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6216\u6210\u4e3a\u5951\u7ea6\u52b3\u5de5\u3002 1680-1760\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u524d\u6765\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bbe\u5915\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u5fb7\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u8005\u662f1607\u5e74\u7684Dr Johannes Fleischer\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u5219\u67095\u4f4d\u73bb\u7483\u5320\u30013\u4f4d\u6728\u5320\uff0c\u8fd8\u670913\u4f4d\u8d35\u683c\u4f1a\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u524d\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9760\u8fd1\u8d39\u57ce\u9644\u8fd1\u4e3a\u79fb\u6b96\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u6bd41620\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u4e94\u6708\u82b1\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u201d\u62b5\u6b65\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\uff08Massachusetts\uff09\u66f4\u65e9\u4e8612\u5e74\u5462\uff01 1683\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u533a\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u591a\u540e\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5fb7\u56fd\u9547\u201d\uff08Germantown\uff09\u30021709\u5e74\u5219\u670913\uff0c000\u540d\u81ea\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684Palatinate\uff08\u540e\u79f0\u83b1\u8335\uff0d\u666e\u6cd5\u5c14\u8328\u5730\u533a\uff0cPfalz\uff09\u5730\u533a\u79fb\u5c45\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e09\u5343\u540d\u7a0d\u540e\u79fb\u5f80\u7ebd\u7ea6\u9644\u8fd1\u7684Albany\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bbe\u5dde\u3001\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4e0a\u5dde\u53ca\u7ef4\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684Shenandoh\u5c71\u8c37\u6210\u4e3a\u5fb7\u7c4d\u7684\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u4fe1\u5f92\u53ca\u4eba\u6570\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u6469\u62c9\u7ef4\u4e9a\u6d3e\u3001\u95e8\u8bfa\u6d3e\u53ca\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4fe1\u5f92\u9646\u7eed\u79fb\u6c11\u524d\u6765\u7684\u9996\u9009\u4e4b\u5730\u3002 \u57fa\u7763\u540c\u5bc5\u4f1a \u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6d3e\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6709\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u540c\u5bc5\u4f1a\u201d\uff08The Church of United Brethren in Christ\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u540c\u5bc5\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u201c\u5f1f\u5144\u4f1a\u201d \uff09\u7684\u4f1a\u4f17\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u7531\u65e9\u57281800\u5e74\u4e00\u7fa4\u5206\u6563\u5728\u9a6c\u91cc\u5170\u5dde\uff08Maryland\uff09\u3001\u5bbe\u5915\u51e1\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\uff08Pennsylvania\uff09\u548c\u7ef4\u73cd\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\uff08Virginia\uff09\u8bf4\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff1b\u59cb\u521b\u4eba\u662f\u5965\u5fb7\u5bbe\uff08William Otherbein\uff0c1726-1813\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u6559\u4f1a\u4e2d\u88ab\u6309\u7acb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1752\u5e74\u88ab\u6d3e\u5f80\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bbe\u5dde\uff0c1761\u5e74\u9047\u89c1\u5b9d\u9a6c\u7530\uff08Martin Boehm\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u95e8\u8bfa\u4f1aGerman Mennonite\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff09\u30021774\u5e74\uff0c\u5965\u5fb7\u5bbe\u5728\u5df4\u5c14\u7684\u6469\u4e0e\u9a6c\u91cc\u5170\u5dde\u7684\u7267\u517b\u6559\u4f1a\u81f3\u5b89\u606f\u4e3b\u6000\uff1b\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4e9a\u65af\u7406\u6709\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u66fe\u57281784\u5e74\u5723\u8bde\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e2d\u53c2\u4e0e\u6309\u7acb\u4e9a\u65af\u7406\u4e3a\u4f1a\u7763\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u6309\u7acb\u7267\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 1800\u5e749\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u201c\u540c\u5bc5\u4f1a\u201d\u4e3e\u884c\u9996\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u65f6\uff0c\u5965\u5fb7\u5bbe\u4e0e\u5b9d\u9a6c\u7530\uff08Martin Boehm\uff09\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u4f1a\u7763\u3002\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u540c\u5bc5\u4f1a\u201d\u662f\u627f\u88ad\u957f\u8001\u5b97\u548c\u516c\u7406\u5b97\u7684\u4f18\u826f\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u91c7\u7eb3\u5747\u8861\u4f1a\u7763\u5236\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u4f1a\u7763\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u884c\u653f\u76d1\u7763\u800c\u975e\u627f\u88ad\uff0c\u6545\u7531\u603b\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u51fa\uff0c\u9996\u4f4d\u4efb\u671f4\u5e74\uff0c\u8fde\u9009\u5f97\u8fde\u4efb\u3002\u7267\u5e08\u4e0e\u4fe1\u5f92\u51fa\u5e2d\u603b\u8bae\u4f1a\u4eba\u6570\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u6bcf4\u5e74\u4e3e\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u603b\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e43\u662f\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u56e2\u4f53\u3002 1946\u5e74\uff0c\u540c\u5bc5\u4f1a\u548c\u9075\u9053\u516c\u4f1a\u7ed3\u5408\u800c\u79f0\u201c\u8054\u5408\u540c\u5bc5\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\u9075\u9053\u516c\u4f1a\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u798f\u97f3\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u7231\u5c14\u62d4\uff08Jacob Albright\uff0c1759-1808\uff09\u6240\u521b\u7acb\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cEvangelical Association\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u7267\u517b\u5fb7\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u800c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u30021807\u5e74\u4e3e\u884c\u9996\u5c4a\u5e74\u4f1a\uff0c1816\u5e74\u4e3e\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u603b\u8bae\u4f1a\u30021894\u5e74\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u793e\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u7ea6\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4f1a\u53cb\u53e6\u7ec4\u201c\u9075\u9053\u516c\u4f1a\u201d\uff08United evangelical Church\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4f59\u7ec4\u201c\u798f\u97f3\u516c\u7406\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Evangelical Congregational Chruch\uff09\uff0c1968\u5e74\u5408\u4f75\u52a0\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u5408\u536b\u7406\u516c\u4f1a\u3002\u867d\u7136\u201c\u798f\u97f3\u516c\u7406\u4f1a\u201d\u4e8e1968\u5e74\u59cb\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u4f46\u8c08\u53ca\u536b\u7406\u516c\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u4e5f\u9700\u65c1\u53ca\u8be5\u4f1a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u524d\u6765\u4e1c\u65b9\u5ba3\u6559\u65f6\u6709\u5fb7\u56fd\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u4e0d\u514d\u770b\u51fa\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u540c\u5bc5\u4f1a\u53ca\u9075\u9053\u516c\u4f1a\u52a0\u5165\u536b\u7406\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f55\u51b5\u4f1a\u7956\u7ea6\u7ff0\u536b\u65af\u7406\uff08John Wesley\uff0c1703-1791\uff09\u53c8\u4e0e\u6469\u62c9\u7ef4\u4e9a\u66fe\u6709\u5f88\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u4ed6\u57281738\u5e74\u56de\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0d\u4e45\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u52a8\u8eab\u524d\u5f80\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e3b\u62a4\u57ce\uff08Herrnhut\uff09\u62dc\u8bbf\u6469\u62c9\u7ef4\u4e9a\u6559\u4f1a\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u94a6\u5c91\u591a\u592b\uff08Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf\uff0c1700\uff0d1760\u5e74\uff09\u3002 \u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u67f3\u4f9d\u7f8e\u7267\u5e08\uff08Rev. Heinrich Ludwig Emil Luering\uff0c1863-1937\u5e74\uff09\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u201d\u57281903\u5e74\u798f\u5dde\u4eba\u524d\u5f80\u5b9e\u5146\u8fdc\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4e8b\u8ff9\u4e2d\uff1b\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5174\u5316\u3001\u5357\u660c\u3001\u829c\u6e56\u7b49\u533b\u9662\u662f\u7531William Nast\u53caGamble Nast\u7684\u5fb7\u7c4d\u5bb6\u65cf\u6350\u732e\u800c\u5efa\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u4e5d\u6c5f\u7684\u540c\u6587\u4e2d\u5b66\uff0c\u5176\u82f1\u6587\u540d\u4e3aWilliam Nast […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":48980,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[227],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37563"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37563"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37563\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/48980"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37563"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=37563"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=37563"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}