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\u7f8e\u56fd\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005Richard Hofstadter\uff081916-1970\uff09\u66fe\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5de1\u56de\u4f20\u9053\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u3001\u5177\u5f39\u6027\u3001\u52c7\u6c14\u3001\u52e4\u594b\u53ca\u5168\u7136\u59d4\u8eab\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u7f8e\u4ee5\u7f8e\u4f1a\u7684\u575a\u56fa\u8425\u5792\u53ca\u58f0\u8a89\u3002\u536b\u7406\u5b97\u8fd0\u52a8\u521b\u59cb\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u9760\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de1\u56de\u4f20\u9053\u7684\u4e00\u9897\u81ea\u6211\u71c3\u70e7\u53ca\u732e\u8eab\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u4ed6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u9762\u5bf9\u7267\u804c\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u53ca\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5374\u4ee5\u5403\u529b\u4e0d\u8ba8\u597d\u7684\u727a\u7272\u4e3a\u8363\uff0c\u628a\u798f\u97f3\u5e26\u7ed9\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u727a\u7272\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u897f\u90e8\u536b\u7406\u516c\u4f1a\u4e4b\u7236<\/span><\/strong>
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1788\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u4ee5\u7f8e\u5b97\u5411\u5317\u6f02\u79fb\uff0c\u5148\u6cbf\u7740\u8d6b\u5fb7\u900a\u6cb3\u81f3\u7ebd\u7ea6\u7684\u897f\u9762\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u5728\u4e1c\u5317\u7684\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u5170\uff08New England\uff09\uff0c\u8303\u56f4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7f05\u56e0\u5dde\u3001\u65b0\u7f55\u5e03\u4ec0\u5c14\u5dde\u3001\u4f5b\u8499\u7279\u5dde\u3001\u9ebb\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\u3001\u7f57\u5fb7\u5c9b\u5dde\u3001\u5eb7\u6d85\u72c4\u683c\u5dde\uff1b1789\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u4ee5\u7f8e\u4f1a\u6d3eJesse Lee\u524d\u5f80\u4f20\u9053\uff0c\u6e10\u6e10\u6539\u53d8\u672c\u662f\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u601d\u7ef4\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7f8e\u4ee5\u7f8e\u7684\u6545\u4e8b(21) \u6587\/\u9ec4\u5b5f\u793c\uff08\u672c\u62a5\u603b\u7f16\u8f91\uff09 \u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c1784\u5e74\u7f8e\u4ee5\u7f8e\u4f1a\u6b63\u5f0f\u5728\u5df4\u5c14\u7684\u6469\u5e02\u7684\u7231\u5df7\u6559\u5802\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u5979\u662f\u7f8e\u6d32\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\uff1b\u7ecf\u8fc736\u5e74\u540e\uff081820\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5b97\u6d3e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u51e0\u4e4e\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5176\u8e2a\u5f71\u3002\u7f8e\u4ee5\u7f8e\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6269\u6563\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9760\u5de1\u56de\u4f20\u9053\uff08Circuit Preacher\uff09\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u800c\u8fbe\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9a91\u9a6c\u7684\u4f20\u9053\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5de1\u56de\u9a91\u58eb\uff08Circuit Rider\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u5404\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u798f\u97f3\u636e\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u80a1\u590d\u5174\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u98ce\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5efa\u56fd\u521d\u671f\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u5851\u9020\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002 \u7f8e\u56fd\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005Richard Hofstadter\uff081916-1970\uff09\u66fe\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5de1\u56de\u4f20\u9053\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u3001\u5177\u5f39\u6027\u3001\u52c7\u6c14\u3001\u52e4\u594b\u53ca\u5168\u7136\u59d4\u8eab\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u7f8e\u4ee5\u7f8e\u4f1a\u7684\u575a\u56fa\u8425\u5792\u53ca\u58f0\u8a89\u3002\u536b\u7406\u5b97\u8fd0\u52a8\u521b\u59cb\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u9760\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de1\u56de\u4f20\u9053\u7684\u4e00\u9897\u81ea\u6211\u71c3\u70e7\u53ca\u732e\u8eab\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u4ed6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u9762\u5bf9\u7267\u804c\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u53ca\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5374\u4ee5\u5403\u529b\u4e0d\u8ba8\u597d\u7684\u727a\u7272\u4e3a\u8363\uff0c\u628a\u798f\u97f3\u5e26\u7ed9\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u727a\u7272\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002 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\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u536b\u7406\u5b97\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u6e38\u884c\u4f20\u9053\uff08Itinerant Preacher\uff09\u5236\u5ea6\u5c31\u662f\u7ee7\u627f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de1\u56de\u4f20\u9053\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u3002 \u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f1a\u7763\u4e9a\u65af\u7406\u7684\u4ee5\u8eab\u4f5c\u5219\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5de1\u56de\u4f20\u9053\u4eec\u5728\u7f8e\u6d32\u5927\u5730\u9a70\u9a8b\uff0c\u4e1c\u897f\u5357\u5317\u7eb5\u6a2a\uff0c\u7ffb\u5c71\u8d8a\u5cad\uff0c\u6a2a\u8de8\u65e0\u6570\u8352\u539f\u91ce\u5730\uff0c\u7ffb\u5c71\u6d89\u6c34\u65e0\u6570\u6cb3\u6d41\u30021766\u5e74\u81f31844\u5e74\u4e3a\u7f8e\u4ee5\u7f8e\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5757\u5927\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e9a\u65af\u7406\u53ca\u5f7c\u5f97\u5361\u7279\u83b1\uff08Peter Cartwright\uff0c1785-1872\uff09\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5de1\u56de\u9a91\u58eb\u90fd\u662f\u9ed8\u9ed8\u65e0\u95fb\u6216\u662f\u65e0\u540d\u7684\u4f20\u9053\u4eba\u3002 \u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7281\u7530\u4eba \u751f\u4e8e\u7ef4\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff0c\u957f\u4e8e\u80af\u5854\u57fa\u7684\u5361\u7279\u83b1\u4e8e17\u5c81\u6210\u4e3a\u4f20\u9053\u4eba\uff0c27\u5c81\u88ab\u6309\u7acb\u4e3a\u6559\u533a\u957f\uff0c\u957f\u8fbe50\u5e74\u30021824\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fc1\u5f80\u4f0a\u5229\u8bfa\u4f0a\u5dde\u5e76\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4f0a\u5229\u8bfa\u4f0a\u5dde\u5e74\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u662f\u5bcc\u6709\u51b2\u52b2\u7684\u7f8e\u4ee5\u7f8e\u8fb9\u7586\u5148\u9a71\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a13\u4e2a\u5e74\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u5e76\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7281\u7530\u4eba\u201d\u3002 \u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7528\u5fc3\u63a8\u52a8\u536b\u7406\u5b97\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u9ea6\u80af\u667a\u5b66\u9662\uff08McKendree College\uff09\u3001\u9ea6\u59c6\u96f7\u5b66\u9662\uff08MacMurray College\uff09\u53ca\u4f0a\u5229\u8bfa\u4f0a\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5927\u5b66\uff08Wesleyan University\uff09\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u5e9f\u5974\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u538c\u6076\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u62c5\u8d77\u4e24\u4efb\u7684\u4f0a\u5229\u8bfa\u4f0a\u7acb\u6cd5\u8bae\u4f1a\u53ca\u5dde\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1846\u5e74\u53c2\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u7ade\u9009\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8d25\u5728\u5e74\u8f7b\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u6797\u80af\u624b\u4e0b\u300215\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u6797\u80af\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c16\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u3002\u5efa\u4e8e1824\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u5361\u7279\u83b1\u547d\u540d\u7684\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u662f\u7eaa\u5ff5\u4ed6\u6350\u571f\u5730\u53ca\u91d1\u94b1\u5949\u732e\u3002\u8fd9\u95f4\u6559\u5802\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5728\u805a\u4f1a\u3002 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