{"id":3874,"date":"2018-03-05T16:33:27","date_gmt":"2018-03-05T08:33:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sarawakmethodist.org\/weilibao\/?p=3874"},"modified":"2018-03-05T16:33:27","modified_gmt":"2018-03-05T08:33:27","slug":"%e4%bd%bf%e5%be%92%e8%a1%8c%e4%bc%a0%e8%a1%a5%e9%81%97%ef%bc%9a%e5%a4%b1%e8%90%bd%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%9a%e6%b4%b2%e6%95%99%e4%bc%9a%e5%8f%b2%e4%b9%8b%e5%85%ab%ef%bc%9a%e9%a1%bd%e7%9f%b3%ef%bc%81%e9%a1%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/?p=3874","title":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u4f20\u8865\u9057\uff1a\u5931\u843d\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32\u6559\u4f1a\u53f2\u4e4b\u516b\uff1a\u987d\u77f3\uff01\u987d\u77f3\uff01\u4f60\u4f55\u65f6\u624d\u4e3a\u6211\u4e3b\u88c2\u5f00\uff1f \uff08\u4e3b\u540e1500\u20141800\u5e74\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6587\uff0f\u53f6\u6c38\u76db\uff08\u53f0\u5317\u771f\u7406\u5802\u5168\u804c\u540c\u5de5\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u8fdc\u4e1c\u4f20\u6559\u56e2\u9886\u8896\u8303\u793c\u5b89\uff08Alessandro Valignano\uff09\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u9501\u56fd\u653f\u7b56\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u547c\u58f0\uff08\u867d\u7136\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53f9\u606f\u53d1\u81ea\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u547c\u58f0\u9488\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u6574\u4e2a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u800c\u8a00\u4e5f\u5f88\u9002\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u52bf\u5982\u7834\u7af9\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u671d\u9c9c\u906d\u9047\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u7eaa<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u4e3b\u540e1549\uff0d1650\u5e74\u8fd9\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4f54\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6bd4\u4eca\u5929\u8fd8\u9ad8\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u521d\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u53ca\u7ef4\u62a4\u4f55\u7b49\u7684\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u7eaa\u201d\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u540e\u6765\u5386\u53f2\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5374\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u5c0f\u3002
\n\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u800c\u975e\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u5f25\u6b21\u90ce\uff08Yajiro\uff09\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u9e7f\u513f\u5c9b\u9003\u72af\uff0c\u9003\u4ea1\u4e2d\u7531\u4e00\u4f4d\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8239\u957f\u5e26\u9886\u5f52\u4e3b\uff0c\u5e76\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\uff08Francis Xavier\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u56de\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u5ba3\u6559\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u65e5\u672c\u6b63\u503c\u5927\u540d\u4e89\u9738\u7684\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u9017\u7559\u671f\u95f4\uff08\u4e3b\u540e1549\uff0d1552\u5e74\uff09\u5b9a\u8c03\u4e86\u4f20\u6559\u56e2\u201c\u8c03\u9002\u3001\u5fe0\u5fc3\u3001\u7eaa\u5f8b\u201d\u4e09\u5927\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u672c\u5dde\u5c71\u53e3\u3001\u4e5d\u5dde\u4e30\u540e\uff08\u4eca\u5927\u5206\uff09\u7684\u201c\u5927\u540d\u201d\uff08\u65e5\u672c\u5c01\u5efa\u65f6\u4ee3\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u5730\u57df\u9886\u4e3b\u7684\u79f0\u547c\uff09\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u5176\u5883\u5185\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u4e30\u540e\u5927\u540d\u5927\u53cb\u4e49\u9547\uff08Otomo Yoshishige\uff09\u66f4\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u521d\u4fe1\u5949\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u5927\u53cb\u5bb6\u65cf\u540e\u6765\u4e5f\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e86\u5c71\u53e3\u9886\u5730\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u5927\u540d\u5927\u6751\u7eaf\u5fe0\uff08Omura Sumitada\uff09\u4fe1\u4e3b\u540e\uff0c\u66f4\u628a\u957f\u5d0e\u7684\u6df1\u6c5f\u9001\u7ed9\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u3002\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4eba\u6570\u591a\u8fbe\u5341\u4e07\u4eba\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea6\u4e24\u5343\u4e07\uff09\u3002
\n\u4e3b\u540e1571\u5e74\u8303\u793c\u5b89\u521d\u5230\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u9738\u4e3b\u7ec7\u7530\u4fe1\u957f\uff08Oda Nobunaga\uff09\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u4f20\u6559\u56e2\u8fdb\u5165\u4eac\u90fd\uff0c\u800c\u4fe1\u957f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5cb3\u7236\u4e5f\u53d7\u6d17\u3002\u8303\u793c\u5b89\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u5ef6\u7eed\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\u201c\u8c03\u9002\u201d\uff08\u5904\u5883\u5316\uff09\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u52aa\u529b\u5174\u8d77\u65e5\u672c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4e0e\u8461\u8404\u7259\u5546\u56e2\u53ca\u65e5\u672c\u5927\u540d\u4e5f\u4fdd\u6301\u5b89\u5168\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u4f46\u8303\u793c\u5b89\u5e26\u7740\u5305\u542b\u56db\u4f4d\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u4f7f\u56e2\u6682\u79bb\u65e5\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u7ec7\u7530\u4fe1\u957f\u88ab\u6740\uff0c\u4e30\u81e3\u79c0\u5409\uff08Toyotomi Hideyoshi\uff09\u7ee7\u4efb\u5176\u4f4d\uff1b\u4f46\u79c0\u5409\u7684\u8eab\u8fb9\u5374\u4ecd\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u53c2\u8c0b\u548c\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e5d\u5dde\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5927\u540d\u2014\u2014\u4e3b\u540e1592\u5e74\uff0c\u79c0\u5409\u8fdc\u5f81\u671d\u9c9c\u7684\u4e3b\u529b\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5c06\u519b\u5c0f\u897f\u884c\u957f\uff08Konishi Yukinaga\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u4e00\u4e07\u516b\u5343\u540d\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u58eb\u5175\uff0c\u800c\u5185\u653f\u65b9\u9762\u798f\u5188\u7684\u9ed1\u7530\uff08Kuroda\uff09\u3001\u6b4c\u5c71\u7684\u6d45\u91ce\uff08Asano\uff09\u3001\u4e39\u540e\u53ca\u4e30\u524d\u7684\u7ec6\u5ddd\uff08Hosokawa\uff09\u7b49\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5927\u540d\u4e5f\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u533b\u7597\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u90fd\u968f\u4e4b\u8fdb\u5165\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5723\u7ecf\u5e76\u672a\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u6587\u3002
\n1590\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u65b9\u6d4e\u4f1a\u4e5f\u8fdb\u5165\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e0e\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u5ba3\u6559\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5bfc\u81f4\u53cc\u65b9\u5bf9\u7acb\u4e0e\u6307\u8d23\uff1b\u800c\u9a7b\u65e5\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u6392\u573a\u53c8\u5f15\u8d77\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4e2a\u5dee\u4f1a\u7684\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u770b\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u773c\u4e2d\u522b\u6709\u6ecb\u5473\u3002\u6700\u540e\u201c\u5723\u5a53\u7406\u53f7\u201d\uff08San Felipe\uff09\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e5\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\u5168\u9762\u538b\u8feb\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff1a\u201c\u5723\u5a53\u7406\u53f7\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u8258\u4ece\u9a6c\u5c3c\u62c9\u5f00\u5f80\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u8239\u53ea\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u56db\u56fd\u6401\u6d45\uff0c\u8239\u4e0a\u4e00\u4f4d\u9886\u822a\u5458\u4e3a\u514d\u88ab\u52ab\u8d27\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u5a01\u80c1\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u8bf4\u82e5\u6709\u4eba\u6562\u52a8\u8d27\u7269\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u65e0\u654c\u8230\u961f\u5c06\u9a6c\u4e0a\u62a5\u590d\uff1b\u540e\u6765\u66f4\u8c23\u4f20\u8bf4\u65b9\u6d4e\u4f1a\u6b63\u4e3a\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4fb5\u7565\u65e5\u672c\u94fa\u8def\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u548c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u88ab\u5f81\u670d\u90a3\u6837\uff01\u79c0\u5409\u95fb\u8baf\u5927\u6012\uff0c\u4e0b\u4ee4\u6355\u6740\u3001\u9a71\u9010\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5efa\u7acb\u6559\u5802\u53ca\u4f20\u6559\u3002 \u672a\u51e0\uff0c\u79c0\u5409\u75c5\u901d\uff0c\u4e0b\u5c5e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7206\u53d1\u5173\u539f\u4f1a\u6218\u3002\u6700\u540e\u5fb7\u5ddd\u5bb6\u5eb7\uff08Tokugawa Ieyasu\uff09\u83b7\u80dc\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c0f\u897f\u884c\u957f\u4e3a\u9996\uff0c\u62a4\u536b\u79c0\u5409\u513f\u5b50\u7684\u4e5d\u5dde\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5927\u540d\u88ab\u6253\u8d25\u3002\u5bb6\u5eb7\u4e3a\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u5de9\u56fa\u4e86\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u56fd\u6559\u795e\u9053\u6559\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u4e5f\u5f97\u590d\u5174\uff1b\u800c\u51fa\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u4e3b\u540e1614\u5e74\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9881\u5e03\u7981\u6559\u4ee4\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u65f6\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea6\u670930\u4e07\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7fa4\u4f53\u88ab\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u6027\u52d2\u6b7b\u3001\u997f\u6b7b\u3001\u76d1\u7981\u3001\u6ca1\u6536\u8d22\u4ea7\u3001\u6298\u78e8\uff08\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5373\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u6c89\u9ed8\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u540a\u7caa\u5751\u201d\uff09\u6216\u88ab\u8feb\u8f6c\u5165\u5730\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u51fa\u73b0\u53db\u6559\u5e76\u4e0d\u51fa\u5947\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u81f3\u6b7b\u5fe0\u5fc3\u3001\u5b81\u613f\u6b89\u9053\u201d\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u5199\u7167\uff0c\u582a\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5373\u662f\u4e5d\u5dde\u7684\u5c9b\u539f\uff08Shimabara\uff09\u8d77\u4e49\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u57fa\u7763\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5982\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u4eca\u5929\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u90fd\u662f\u90a3\u6c89\u9ed8\u5e74\u4ee3\u9690\u85cf\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u518d\u89c1\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u518d\u89c1\uff01<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u5510\u671d\u548c\u5143\u671d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e24\u5ea6\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u88ab\u626b\u8361\u540e\uff0c\u4e3b\u540e1583\u5e74\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6fb3\u95e8\u8fdb\u5165\u5f53\u65f6\u5b9e\u65bd\u6d77\u7981\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u660e\u671d\u3002\u7f57\u660e\u575a\uff08Michael Ruggieri\uff09\u53ca\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\uff08Matteo Ricci\uff09\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u5230\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5ef6\u7eed\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\u7684\u201c\u8c03\u9002\u201d\u539f\u5219\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u9274\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u6025\u4e8e\u5f3a\u8c03\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u79d1\u5b66\u53ca\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4eba\u6c11\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5145\u6ee1\u654c\u610f\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5317\u4eac\u53d6\u5f97\u7687\u5e1d\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u7f57\u660e\u575a\u56de\u7f57\u9a6c\u8bf7\u6559\u5ef7\u6d3e\u51fa\u4f7f\u56e2\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1b\u800c\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\u5219\u83b7\u51c6\u5317\u4e0a\u5230\u6c5f\u897f\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u670d\u88c5\u4ece\u539f\u672c\u7684\u50e7\u888d\u6539\u4e3a\u5112\u670d\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u949f\u9e23\u4ec1\u53ca\u9ec4\u660e\u6c99\u4e24\u4f4d\u534e\u4eba\u88ab\u63a5\u7eb3\u8fdb\u5165\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u3002\u5229\u9a6c\u7aa6\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u540e\u56e0\u7687\u5e1d\u88ab\u592a\u76d1\u56e2\u56e2\u5305\u56f4\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u89d0\u89c1\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8f6c\u5f80\u5357\u4eac\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u5f97\u7740\u53f7\u79f0\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u4e09\u67f1\u77f3\u201d\u7684\u5f90\u5149\u542f\uff08Paul\uff09\u3001\u674e\u4e4b\u85fb\uff08Michael\uff09\u3001\u6768\u5ef7\u7b60\uff08Leon\uff09\u3002
\n\u4e3b\u540e1600\u5e74\uff0c\u5f90\u5149\u542f\u9047\u89c1\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\u6ca1\u591a\u4e45\u5c31\u5f7b\u5e95\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6240\u6298\u670d\uff0c\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u201c\u8865\u5112\u6613\u4f5b\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u4e0a\u4e5f\u8ddf\u5229\u6c0f\u4e00\u8d77\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ecb\u7ecd\u53ca\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u5929\u6587\u3001\u6c34\u5229\u3001\u5730\u7406\uff1b\u4ed6\u7684\u624d\u5b66\u53ca\u54c1\u683c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5728\u5b98\u573a\u4e0a\u6276\u6447\u76f4\u4e0a\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u8005\u3002
\n\u674e\u4e4b\u85fb\u4e3a\u676d\u5dde\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u5229\u6c0f\u7ed8\u88fd\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5730\u56fe\u9707\u6151\uff0c\u4f46\u5229\u6c0f\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8fd8\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bf4\u670d\u4ed6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u592b\u4e00\u59bb\u5236\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5229\u6c0f\u901d\u4e16\u524d\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ec8\u4e8e\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5e76\u4fee\u7b51\u4e86\u5357\u4eac\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u6559\u5802\u3002\u4e3b\u540e1625\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u66f4\u56e0\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u957f\u5b89\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u5927\u79e6\u666f\u6559\u6d41\u884c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7891\u201d\u800c\u6709\u529b\u62a4\u6559\u3002
\n\u6768\u5ef7\u7b60\u662f\u674e\u4e4b\u85fb\u7684\u4eb2\u621a\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e00\u592b\u4e00\u59bb\u5236\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4f46\u53d7\u6d17\u540e\u5199\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u62a4\u6559\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6709\u529b\u9a73\u65a5\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u4f7f\u676d\u5dde\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u6210\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6700\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002
\n\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u53ca\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u575a\u5b88\u8ba9\u5317\u4eac\u522e\u76ee\u76f8\u770b\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7740\u4f5c\u300a\u4ea4\u53cb\u8bba\u300b\uff08On Friendship\uff0c1595\uff09\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u5112\u751f\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u300a\u5929\u4e3b\u5b9e\u4e49\u300b\uff08The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven\uff0c1603\uff09\u5219\u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u7ef4\u6765\u4f20\u626c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u6b64\u4e66\u4e5f\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u4f20\u5230\u671d\u9c9c\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u901d\u4e16\u65f6\u4ece\u672a\u89c1\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\u8d50\u7ed9\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u4e00\u5757\u5730\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5b89\u846c\u5728\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4ece3\u4eba\u589e\u957f\u52302500\u4eba\u3002
\n\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7687\u5ba4\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u94a6\u5929\u76d1\u6539\u9769\u91cd\u7528\u5f90\u5149\u542f\u53ca\u6b27\u6d32\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5e76\u65e0\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6ee1\u5dde\u4eba\u5165\u5173\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5357\u9003\u7684\u6c38\u5386\u5e1d\u5bab\u5ef7\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5c11\u5b97\u5ba4\u53ca\u5b98\u5458\u9886\u6d17\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ea6\u5141\u8bb8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u53d7\u6d17\uff0c\u6559\u540d\u201c\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u201d\uff08Constantine\uff09\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u4e5f\u4ece\u6fb3\u95e8\u53d1\u5175\u52e4\u738b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u660e\u671d\u7684\u8986\u706d\u3002
\n\u53ea\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6b21\u5e76\u672a\u968f\u4e4b\u706d\u4ea1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5173\u952e\u4eba\u7269\u5373\u5fb3\u88d4\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\uff08Adam Schall\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u6ca6\u9677\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u653e\u5f03\u4e2d\u56fd\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9003\u907f\u83b7\u80dc\u7684\u6ee1\u5dde\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u52c7\u6562\u5730\u6362\u4e0a\u6c49\u670d\u53bb\u6e38\u8bf4\u6025\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u6cd5\u7edf\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u8ba9\u4ed6\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u5236\u5b9a\u5386\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u738b\u5386\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff1b\u5f53\u65f6\u5317\u4eac\u521a\u597d\u53d1\u751f\u65e5\u8680\uff0c\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f18\u80dc\u4e8e\u6c49\u4eba\u53ca\u56de\u56de\uff0c\u53d7\u5c01\u94a6\u5929\u76d1\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u521a\u5373\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u6cbb\u5e1d\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002
\n\u987a\u6cbb\u5e1d\u9001\u5730\u62e8\u6b3e\u7ed9\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u6559\u5802\u7684\u5174\u5efa\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5f97\u4ee5\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u88d4\u7684\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\u5357\u6000\u4ec1\uff08Ferdinand Verbiest\uff09\u63a5\u7eed\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u94a6\u5929\u76d1\u4e4b\u804c\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d7\u5ba0\u4e8e\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3a\u7687\u5e1d\u94f8\u9020\u53ef\u643a\u578b\u5927\u7832\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u300a\u6559\u8981\u5e8f\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u665a\u5e74\u65f6\u66f4\u534f\u52a9\u6e05\u5ef7\u4e0e\u6c99\u4fc4\u7b7e\u8ba2\u300a\u5c3c\u5e03\u695a\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff1b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f7f\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u9881\u5e03\u6cd5\u4ee4\u8ba9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ea6\u670920\u4e07\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002
\n\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u65f6\u9053\u660e\u4f1a\u3001\u65b9\u6d4e\u4f1a\u4e5f\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u8ba4\u540c\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8c03\u9002\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u5c0a\u5b54\u796d\u7956\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0a\u544a\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u5ef7\uff0c\u8fd9\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u793c\u4eea\u4e4b\u4e89\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u524d\u540e\u4efb\u6559\u5b97\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u65e0\u6d4e\u4e8e\u4e8b\u3002\u4e3b\u540e1700\u5e74\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u4ecb\u5165\u8fd9\u573a\u5dee\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7eb7\u4e89\uff0c\u65ad\u5b9a\u5c0a\u5b54\u796d\u7956\u5c5e\u6c11\u4e8b\u89c4\u4e49\u800c\u5e76\u65e0\u5b97\u6559\u6027\u8d28\uff1b\u6559\u5ef7\u5bf9\u6b64\u9887\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5feb\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u6d3e\u4f7f\u56e2\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6311\u6218\u7687\u5e1d\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\u89e6\u6012\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e0b\u8bcf\u7981\u6559\u3002\u4f46\u5177\u4f53\u843d\u5b9e\u8005\u5219\u662f\u96cd\u6b63\u5e1d\uff0c\u4ed6\u67e5\u5c01\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u9a71\u9010\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u5e7f\u5dde\u57ce\uff1b\u5230\u4e86\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u79f0\u201c\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u5728\u660e\u671d\u662f\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u5728\u5eb7\u7199\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e3a\u5b66\u8005\u4e0a\u5bbe\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4e7e\u9686\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u7687\u5ba4\u4f8d\u4ece\u201d\u3002\u4e3b\u540e1773\u5e74\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u88ab\u6559\u5ef7\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u8d70\u5411\u7ec4\u7ec7\u74e6\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9690\u58eb\u56fd\u671d\u9c9c\u521d\u63a2<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u63a5\u89e6\u671d\u9c9c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u7eaa\u5f55\u6765\u81ea\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u88d4\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\u56fd\u745e\u25cf\u585e\u65af\u4f69\u5fb7\u65af\uff08Gregorio de Cespedes\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u539f\u662f\u5927\u5742\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u79c0\u5409\u8fdc\u5f81\u671d\u9c9c\uff0c\u4ed6\u968f\u5c0f\u897f\u884c\u957f\u7684\u519b\u961f\u8fdb\u5165\u671d\u9c9c\u5f53\u519b\u7267\uff1b\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u4ed6\u4ec5\u7267\u517b\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u58eb\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u5411\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u58eb\u5175\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u5b9e\u9645\u63a5\u89e6\u671d\u9c9c\u4eba\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u6c49\u57ce\uff08\u4eca\u9996\u5c14\uff09\u88ab\u653b\u9677\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8d35\u65cf\u5c06\u517612\u5c81\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5c0f\u897f\u5c06\u519b\uff0c\u800c\u5c0f\u897f\u5219\u4ea4\u7531\u6559\u4f1a\u9001\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u683d\u57f9\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5b69\u5b50\u59d3\u6743\uff0c\u53d7\u6d17\u540e\u6559\u540d\u4e3a\u6587\u68ee\uff08Vincent\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u6210\u7acb\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u671d\u4e00\u65e5\u80fd\u56de\u671d\u9c9c\u5ba3\u6559\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5fb7\u5ddd\u5e55\u5e9c\u903c\u8feb\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u65f6\u88ab\u6355\uff0c\u88ab\u7ed1\u5728\u706b\u67f1\u4e0a\u70e7\u6b7b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u521d\u6b89\u9053\u7684\u671d\u9c9c\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002
\n\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u5112\u58eb\u674e\u775f\u5149\uff08Yi Syu-Kwang\uff09\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u66fe\u63d0\u53ca\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\u7684\u300a\u4ea4\u53cb\u8bba\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u5929\u4e3b\u5b9e\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u6545\u671d\u9c9c\u53ef\u80fd\u900f\u8fc7\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u671d\u8d21\u7684\u4f7f\u81e3\u8ddf\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\u6709\u6240\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u540e\u6765\u671d\u9c9c\u4ec1\u7956\uff08Injo\uff09\u7684\u4e16\u5b50\u662d\u663e\uff08So-Hyun\uff09\u5728\u6e05\u5ef7\u505a\u4eba\u8d28\u65f6\u66fe\u4e0e\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u4ea4\u597d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u559c\u7231\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8868\u793a\u671f\u5f85\u628a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5e26\u56de\u7956\u56fd\u3002\u4e3b\u540e1645\u5e74\u662d\u663e\u4e16\u5b50\u5f52\u56fd\u65f6\u5e26\u7740\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d7\u6d17\u7684\u4e94\u4f4d\u592a\u76d1\u53ca\u4e09\u4f4d\u5bab\u5973\u540c\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u60dc\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u4e16\u5b50\u75c5\u901d\uff0c\u5176\u53d7\u6d17\u7684\u968f\u4ece\u7686\u88ab\u9063\u56de\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u76f4\u5230150\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u624d\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u8e0f\u8db3\u671d\u9c9c\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002
\n\u4e4b\u524d\u4e24\u7bc7\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f1500-1800\u5e74\u95f4\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5ba3\u6559\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6765\u770b\u770b\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u7763\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u60c5\u51b5\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u53ca\u66f4\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6d85\u65af\u6258\u7559\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6587\uff0f\u53f6\u6c38\u76db\uff08\u53f0\u5317\u771f\u7406\u5802\u5168\u804c\u540c\u5de5\uff09 \u8fd9\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u8fdc\u4e1c\u4f20\u6559\u56e2\u9886\u8896\u8303\u793c\u5b89\uff08Alessandro Valignano\uff09\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u9501\u56fd\u653f\u7b56\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u547c\u58f0\uff08\u867d\u7136\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53f9\u606f\u53d1\u81ea\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u547c\u58f0\u9488\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u6574\u4e2a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u800c\u8a00\u4e5f\u5f88\u9002\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u52bf\u5982\u7834\u7af9\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u671d\u9c9c\u906d\u9047\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002 \u65e5\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u7eaa \u4e3b\u540e1549\uff0d1650\u5e74\u8fd9\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4f54\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6bd4\u4eca\u5929\u8fd8\u9ad8\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u521d\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u53ca\u7ef4\u62a4\u4f55\u7b49\u7684\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u7eaa\u201d\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u540e\u6765\u5386\u53f2\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5374\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u5c0f\u3002 \u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u800c\u975e\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u5f25\u6b21\u90ce\uff08Yajiro\uff09\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u9e7f\u513f\u5c9b\u9003\u72af\uff0c\u9003\u4ea1\u4e2d\u7531\u4e00\u4f4d\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8239\u957f\u5e26\u9886\u5f52\u4e3b\uff0c\u5e76\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\uff08Francis Xavier\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u56de\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u5ba3\u6559\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u65e5\u672c\u6b63\u503c\u5927\u540d\u4e89\u9738\u7684\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u9017\u7559\u671f\u95f4\uff08\u4e3b\u540e1549\uff0d1552\u5e74\uff09\u5b9a\u8c03\u4e86\u4f20\u6559\u56e2\u201c\u8c03\u9002\u3001\u5fe0\u5fc3\u3001\u7eaa\u5f8b\u201d\u4e09\u5927\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u672c\u5dde\u5c71\u53e3\u3001\u4e5d\u5dde\u4e30\u540e\uff08\u4eca\u5927\u5206\uff09\u7684\u201c\u5927\u540d\u201d\uff08\u65e5\u672c\u5c01\u5efa\u65f6\u4ee3\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u5730\u57df\u9886\u4e3b\u7684\u79f0\u547c\uff09\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u5176\u5883\u5185\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u4e30\u540e\u5927\u540d\u5927\u53cb\u4e49\u9547\uff08Otomo Yoshishige\uff09\u66f4\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u521d\u4fe1\u5949\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u5927\u53cb\u5bb6\u65cf\u540e\u6765\u4e5f\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e86\u5c71\u53e3\u9886\u5730\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u5927\u540d\u5927\u6751\u7eaf\u5fe0\uff08Omura Sumitada\uff09\u4fe1\u4e3b\u540e\uff0c\u66f4\u628a\u957f\u5d0e\u7684\u6df1\u6c5f\u9001\u7ed9\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u3002\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4eba\u6570\u591a\u8fbe\u5341\u4e07\u4eba\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea6\u4e24\u5343\u4e07\uff09\u3002 \u4e3b\u540e1571\u5e74\u8303\u793c\u5b89\u521d\u5230\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u9738\u4e3b\u7ec7\u7530\u4fe1\u957f\uff08Oda Nobunaga\uff09\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u4f20\u6559\u56e2\u8fdb\u5165\u4eac\u90fd\uff0c\u800c\u4fe1\u957f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5cb3\u7236\u4e5f\u53d7\u6d17\u3002\u8303\u793c\u5b89\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u5ef6\u7eed\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\u201c\u8c03\u9002\u201d\uff08\u5904\u5883\u5316\uff09\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u52aa\u529b\u5174\u8d77\u65e5\u672c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4e0e\u8461\u8404\u7259\u5546\u56e2\u53ca\u65e5\u672c\u5927\u540d\u4e5f\u4fdd\u6301\u5b89\u5168\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u4f46\u8303\u793c\u5b89\u5e26\u7740\u5305\u542b\u56db\u4f4d\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u4f7f\u56e2\u6682\u79bb\u65e5\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u7ec7\u7530\u4fe1\u957f\u88ab\u6740\uff0c\u4e30\u81e3\u79c0\u5409\uff08Toyotomi Hideyoshi\uff09\u7ee7\u4efb\u5176\u4f4d\uff1b\u4f46\u79c0\u5409\u7684\u8eab\u8fb9\u5374\u4ecd\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u53c2\u8c0b\u548c\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e5d\u5dde\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5927\u540d\u2014\u2014\u4e3b\u540e1592\u5e74\uff0c\u79c0\u5409\u8fdc\u5f81\u671d\u9c9c\u7684\u4e3b\u529b\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5c06\u519b\u5c0f\u897f\u884c\u957f\uff08Konishi Yukinaga\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u4e00\u4e07\u516b\u5343\u540d\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u58eb\u5175\uff0c\u800c\u5185\u653f\u65b9\u9762\u798f\u5188\u7684\u9ed1\u7530\uff08Kuroda\uff09\u3001\u6b4c\u5c71\u7684\u6d45\u91ce\uff08Asano\uff09\u3001\u4e39\u540e\u53ca\u4e30\u524d\u7684\u7ec6\u5ddd\uff08Hosokawa\uff09\u7b49\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5927\u540d\u4e5f\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u533b\u7597\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u90fd\u968f\u4e4b\u8fdb\u5165\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5723\u7ecf\u5e76\u672a\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u6587\u3002 1590\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u65b9\u6d4e\u4f1a\u4e5f\u8fdb\u5165\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e0e\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u5ba3\u6559\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5bfc\u81f4\u53cc\u65b9\u5bf9\u7acb\u4e0e\u6307\u8d23\uff1b\u800c\u9a7b\u65e5\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u6392\u573a\u53c8\u5f15\u8d77\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4e2a\u5dee\u4f1a\u7684\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u770b\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u773c\u4e2d\u522b\u6709\u6ecb\u5473\u3002\u6700\u540e\u201c\u5723\u5a53\u7406\u53f7\u201d\uff08San Felipe\uff09\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e5\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\u5168\u9762\u538b\u8feb\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff1a\u201c\u5723\u5a53\u7406\u53f7\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u8258\u4ece\u9a6c\u5c3c\u62c9\u5f00\u5f80\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u8239\u53ea\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u56db\u56fd\u6401\u6d45\uff0c\u8239\u4e0a\u4e00\u4f4d\u9886\u822a\u5458\u4e3a\u514d\u88ab\u52ab\u8d27\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u5a01\u80c1\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u8bf4\u82e5\u6709\u4eba\u6562\u52a8\u8d27\u7269\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u65e0\u654c\u8230\u961f\u5c06\u9a6c\u4e0a\u62a5\u590d\uff1b\u540e\u6765\u66f4\u8c23\u4f20\u8bf4\u65b9\u6d4e\u4f1a\u6b63\u4e3a\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4fb5\u7565\u65e5\u672c\u94fa\u8def\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u548c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u88ab\u5f81\u670d\u90a3\u6837\uff01\u79c0\u5409\u95fb\u8baf\u5927\u6012\uff0c\u4e0b\u4ee4\u6355\u6740\u3001\u9a71\u9010\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5efa\u7acb\u6559\u5802\u53ca\u4f20\u6559\u3002 \u672a\u51e0\uff0c\u79c0\u5409\u75c5\u901d\uff0c\u4e0b\u5c5e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7206\u53d1\u5173\u539f\u4f1a\u6218\u3002\u6700\u540e\u5fb7\u5ddd\u5bb6\u5eb7\uff08Tokugawa Ieyasu\uff09\u83b7\u80dc\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c0f\u897f\u884c\u957f\u4e3a\u9996\uff0c\u62a4\u536b\u79c0\u5409\u513f\u5b50\u7684\u4e5d\u5dde\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5927\u540d\u88ab\u6253\u8d25\u3002\u5bb6\u5eb7\u4e3a\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u5de9\u56fa\u4e86\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u56fd\u6559\u795e\u9053\u6559\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u4e5f\u5f97\u590d\u5174\uff1b\u800c\u51fa\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u4e3b\u540e1614\u5e74\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9881\u5e03\u7981\u6559\u4ee4\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u65f6\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea6\u670930\u4e07\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7fa4\u4f53\u88ab\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u6027\u52d2\u6b7b\u3001\u997f\u6b7b\u3001\u76d1\u7981\u3001\u6ca1\u6536\u8d22\u4ea7\u3001\u6298\u78e8\uff08\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5373\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u6c89\u9ed8\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u540a\u7caa\u5751\u201d\uff09\u6216\u88ab\u8feb\u8f6c\u5165\u5730\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u51fa\u73b0\u53db\u6559\u5e76\u4e0d\u51fa\u5947\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u81f3\u6b7b\u5fe0\u5fc3\u3001\u5b81\u613f\u6b89\u9053\u201d\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u5199\u7167\uff0c\u582a\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5373\u662f\u4e5d\u5dde\u7684\u5c9b\u539f\uff08Shimabara\uff09\u8d77\u4e49\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u57fa\u7763\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5982\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u4eca\u5929\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u90fd\u662f\u90a3\u6c89\u9ed8\u5e74\u4ee3\u9690\u85cf\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u3002 \u518d\u89c1\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u518d\u89c1\uff01 \u5510\u671d\u548c\u5143\u671d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e24\u5ea6\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u88ab\u626b\u8361\u540e\uff0c\u4e3b\u540e1583\u5e74\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6fb3\u95e8\u8fdb\u5165\u5f53\u65f6\u5b9e\u65bd\u6d77\u7981\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u660e\u671d\u3002\u7f57\u660e\u575a\uff08Michael Ruggieri\uff09\u53ca\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\uff08Matteo Ricci\uff09\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u5230\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5ef6\u7eed\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\u7684\u201c\u8c03\u9002\u201d\u539f\u5219\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u9274\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u6025\u4e8e\u5f3a\u8c03\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u79d1\u5b66\u53ca\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4eba\u6c11\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5145\u6ee1\u654c\u610f\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5317\u4eac\u53d6\u5f97\u7687\u5e1d\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u7f57\u660e\u575a\u56de\u7f57\u9a6c\u8bf7\u6559\u5ef7\u6d3e\u51fa\u4f7f\u56e2\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1b\u800c\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\u5219\u83b7\u51c6\u5317\u4e0a\u5230\u6c5f\u897f\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u670d\u88c5\u4ece\u539f\u672c\u7684\u50e7\u888d\u6539\u4e3a\u5112\u670d\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u949f\u9e23\u4ec1\u53ca\u9ec4\u660e\u6c99\u4e24\u4f4d\u534e\u4eba\u88ab\u63a5\u7eb3\u8fdb\u5165\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u3002\u5229\u9a6c\u7aa6\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u540e\u56e0\u7687\u5e1d\u88ab\u592a\u76d1\u56e2\u56e2\u5305\u56f4\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u89d0\u89c1\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8f6c\u5f80\u5357\u4eac\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u5f97\u7740\u53f7\u79f0\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u4e09\u67f1\u77f3\u201d\u7684\u5f90\u5149\u542f\uff08Paul\uff09\u3001\u674e\u4e4b\u85fb\uff08Michael\uff09\u3001\u6768\u5ef7\u7b60\uff08Leon\uff09\u3002 \u4e3b\u540e1600\u5e74\uff0c\u5f90\u5149\u542f\u9047\u89c1\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\u6ca1\u591a\u4e45\u5c31\u5f7b\u5e95\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6240\u6298\u670d\uff0c\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u201c\u8865\u5112\u6613\u4f5b\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u4e0a\u4e5f\u8ddf\u5229\u6c0f\u4e00\u8d77\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ecb\u7ecd\u53ca\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u5929\u6587\u3001\u6c34\u5229\u3001\u5730\u7406\uff1b\u4ed6\u7684\u624d\u5b66\u53ca\u54c1\u683c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5728\u5b98\u573a\u4e0a\u6276\u6447\u76f4\u4e0a\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u8005\u3002 \u674e\u4e4b\u85fb\u4e3a\u676d\u5dde\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u5229\u6c0f\u7ed8\u88fd\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5730\u56fe\u9707\u6151\uff0c\u4f46\u5229\u6c0f\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8fd8\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bf4\u670d\u4ed6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u592b\u4e00\u59bb\u5236\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5229\u6c0f\u901d\u4e16\u524d\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ec8\u4e8e\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5e76\u4fee\u7b51\u4e86\u5357\u4eac\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u6559\u5802\u3002\u4e3b\u540e1625\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u66f4\u56e0\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u957f\u5b89\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u5927\u79e6\u666f\u6559\u6d41\u884c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7891\u201d\u800c\u6709\u529b\u62a4\u6559\u3002 \u6768\u5ef7\u7b60\u662f\u674e\u4e4b\u85fb\u7684\u4eb2\u621a\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e00\u592b\u4e00\u59bb\u5236\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4f46\u53d7\u6d17\u540e\u5199\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u62a4\u6559\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6709\u529b\u9a73\u65a5\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u4f7f\u676d\u5dde\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u6210\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6700\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002 \u5229\u739b\u7aa6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u53ca\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u575a\u5b88\u8ba9\u5317\u4eac\u522e\u76ee\u76f8\u770b\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7740\u4f5c\u300a\u4ea4\u53cb\u8bba\u300b\uff08On Friendship\uff0c1595\uff09\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u5112\u751f\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u300a\u5929\u4e3b\u5b9e\u4e49\u300b\uff08The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven\uff0c1603\uff09\u5219\u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u7ef4\u6765\u4f20\u626c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u6b64\u4e66\u4e5f\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u4f20\u5230\u671d\u9c9c\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u901d\u4e16\u65f6\u4ece\u672a\u89c1\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\u8d50\u7ed9\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u4e00\u5757\u5730\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5b89\u846c\u5728\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4ece3\u4eba\u589e\u957f\u52302500\u4eba\u3002 \u4e0d\u8fc7\u7687\u5ba4\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u94a6\u5929\u76d1\u6539\u9769\u91cd\u7528\u5f90\u5149\u542f\u53ca\u6b27\u6d32\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5e76\u65e0\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6ee1\u5dde\u4eba\u5165\u5173\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5357\u9003\u7684\u6c38\u5386\u5e1d\u5bab\u5ef7\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5c11\u5b97\u5ba4\u53ca\u5b98\u5458\u9886\u6d17\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ea6\u5141\u8bb8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u53d7\u6d17\uff0c\u6559\u540d\u201c\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u201d\uff08Constantine\uff09\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u4e5f\u4ece\u6fb3\u95e8\u53d1\u5175\u52e4\u738b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u660e\u671d\u7684\u8986\u706d\u3002 \u53ea\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6b21\u5e76\u672a\u968f\u4e4b\u706d\u4ea1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5173\u952e\u4eba\u7269\u5373\u5fb3\u88d4\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\uff08Adam Schall\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u6ca6\u9677\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u653e\u5f03\u4e2d\u56fd\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9003\u907f\u83b7\u80dc\u7684\u6ee1\u5dde\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u52c7\u6562\u5730\u6362\u4e0a\u6c49\u670d\u53bb\u6e38\u8bf4\u6025\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u6cd5\u7edf\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u8ba9\u4ed6\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u5236\u5b9a\u5386\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u738b\u5386\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff1b\u5f53\u65f6\u5317\u4eac\u521a\u597d\u53d1\u751f\u65e5\u8680\uff0c\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f18\u80dc\u4e8e\u6c49\u4eba\u53ca\u56de\u56de\uff0c\u53d7\u5c01\u94a6\u5929\u76d1\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u521a\u5373\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u6cbb\u5e1d\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002 \u987a\u6cbb\u5e1d\u9001\u5730\u62e8\u6b3e\u7ed9\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u6559\u5802\u7684\u5174\u5efa\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5f97\u4ee5\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u88d4\u7684\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\u5357\u6000\u4ec1\uff08Ferdinand Verbiest\uff09\u63a5\u7eed\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u94a6\u5929\u76d1\u4e4b\u804c\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d7\u5ba0\u4e8e\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3a\u7687\u5e1d\u94f8\u9020\u53ef\u643a\u578b\u5927\u7832\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u300a\u6559\u8981\u5e8f\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u665a\u5e74\u65f6\u66f4\u534f\u52a9\u6e05\u5ef7\u4e0e\u6c99\u4fc4\u7b7e\u8ba2\u300a\u5c3c\u5e03\u695a\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff1b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f7f\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u9881\u5e03\u6cd5\u4ee4\u8ba9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ea6\u670920\u4e07\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002 \u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u65f6\u9053\u660e\u4f1a\u3001\u65b9\u6d4e\u4f1a\u4e5f\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u8ba4\u540c\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8c03\u9002\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u5c0a\u5b54\u796d\u7956\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0a\u544a\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u5ef7\uff0c\u8fd9\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u793c\u4eea\u4e4b\u4e89\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u524d\u540e\u4efb\u6559\u5b97\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u65e0\u6d4e\u4e8e\u4e8b\u3002\u4e3b\u540e1700\u5e74\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u4ecb\u5165\u8fd9\u573a\u5dee\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7eb7\u4e89\uff0c\u65ad\u5b9a\u5c0a\u5b54\u796d\u7956\u5c5e\u6c11\u4e8b\u89c4\u4e49\u800c\u5e76\u65e0\u5b97\u6559\u6027\u8d28\uff1b\u6559\u5ef7\u5bf9\u6b64\u9887\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5feb\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u6d3e\u4f7f\u56e2\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6311\u6218\u7687\u5e1d\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\u89e6\u6012\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e0b\u8bcf\u7981\u6559\u3002\u4f46\u5177\u4f53\u843d\u5b9e\u8005\u5219\u662f\u96cd\u6b63\u5e1d\uff0c\u4ed6\u67e5\u5c01\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u9a71\u9010\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u5e7f\u5dde\u57ce\uff1b\u5230\u4e86\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u79f0\u201c\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u5728\u660e\u671d\u662f\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u5728\u5eb7\u7199\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e3a\u5b66\u8005\u4e0a\u5bbe\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4e7e\u9686\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u7687\u5ba4\u4f8d\u4ece\u201d\u3002\u4e3b\u540e1773\u5e74\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u88ab\u6559\u5ef7\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u8d70\u5411\u7ec4\u7ec7\u74e6\u89e3\u3002 \u9690\u58eb\u56fd\u671d\u9c9c\u521d\u63a2 \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u63a5\u89e6\u671d\u9c9c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u7eaa\u5f55\u6765\u81ea\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u88d4\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\u56fd\u745e\u25cf\u585e\u65af\u4f69\u5fb7\u65af\uff08Gregorio de Cespedes\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u539f\u662f\u5927\u5742\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u79c0\u5409\u8fdc\u5f81\u671d\u9c9c\uff0c\u4ed6\u968f\u5c0f\u897f\u884c\u957f\u7684\u519b\u961f\u8fdb\u5165\u671d\u9c9c\u5f53\u519b\u7267\uff1b\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u4ed6\u4ec5\u7267\u517b\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u58eb\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u5411\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u58eb\u5175\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u5b9e\u9645\u63a5\u89e6\u671d\u9c9c\u4eba\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u6c49\u57ce\uff08\u4eca\u9996\u5c14\uff09\u88ab\u653b\u9677\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8d35\u65cf\u5c06\u517612\u5c81\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5c0f\u897f\u5c06\u519b\uff0c\u800c\u5c0f\u897f\u5219\u4ea4\u7531\u6559\u4f1a\u9001\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u683d\u57f9\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5b69\u5b50\u59d3\u6743\uff0c\u53d7\u6d17\u540e\u6559\u540d\u4e3a\u6587\u68ee\uff08Vincent\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u6210\u7acb\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u671d\u4e00\u65e5\u80fd\u56de\u671d\u9c9c\u5ba3\u6559\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5fb7\u5ddd\u5e55\u5e9c\u903c\u8feb\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u65f6\u88ab\u6355\uff0c\u88ab\u7ed1\u5728\u706b\u67f1\u4e0a\u70e7\u6b7b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u521d\u6b89\u9053\u7684\u671d\u9c9c\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u5112\u58eb\u674e\u775f\u5149\uff08Yi Syu-Kwang\uff09\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u66fe\u63d0\u53ca\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\u7684\u300a\u4ea4\u53cb\u8bba\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u5929\u4e3b\u5b9e\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u6545\u671d\u9c9c\u53ef\u80fd\u900f\u8fc7\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u671d\u8d21\u7684\u4f7f\u81e3\u8ddf\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\u6709\u6240\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u540e\u6765\u671d\u9c9c\u4ec1\u7956\uff08Injo\uff09\u7684\u4e16\u5b50\u662d\u663e\uff08So-Hyun\uff09\u5728\u6e05\u5ef7\u505a\u4eba\u8d28\u65f6\u66fe\u4e0e\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u4ea4\u597d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u559c\u7231\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8868\u793a\u671f\u5f85\u628a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5e26\u56de\u7956\u56fd\u3002\u4e3b\u540e1645\u5e74\u662d\u663e\u4e16\u5b50\u5f52\u56fd\u65f6\u5e26\u7740\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d7\u6d17\u7684\u4e94\u4f4d\u592a\u76d1\u53ca\u4e09\u4f4d\u5bab\u5973\u540c\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u60dc\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u4e16\u5b50\u75c5\u901d\uff0c\u5176\u53d7\u6d17\u7684\u968f\u4ece\u7686\u88ab\u9063\u56de\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u76f4\u5230150\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u624d\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u8e0f\u8db3\u671d\u9c9c\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002 \u4e4b\u524d\u4e24\u7bc7\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f1500-1800\u5e74\u95f4\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5ba3\u6559\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6765\u770b\u770b\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u7763\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u60c5\u51b5\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u6b63\u6559\u53ca\u66f4\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6d85\u65af\u6258\u7559\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":48980,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,99],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3874"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3874"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3874\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/48980"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3874"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3874"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3874"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}