{"id":44977,"date":"2021-08-16T10:56:44","date_gmt":"2021-08-16T02:56:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/?p=44977"},"modified":"2021-08-16T10:56:44","modified_gmt":"2021-08-16T02:56:44","slug":"%e5%8d%ab%e6%96%af%e7%90%86%e7%9a%84%e7%81%ab%e7%84%b0-pg-4-pg-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scaccmm.sarawakmethodist.org\/new\/?p=44977","title":{"rendered":"\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7684\u706b\u7130 pg.4-pg.7"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7684\u706b\u7130<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u7eb8\u4e0a\u8bb2\u575b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bb2\u5458\uff1a\u7f57\u62d4\u7279\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\uff08Robert M. Solomon\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u536b\u7406\u516c\u4f1a\u8363\u8a89\u4f1a\u7763\uff09
\u8bd1\u8005\uff1aGrace Jeya
\u65e5\u671f\uff1a2021 \u5e745 \u670823 \u65e5\uff08\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3b\u65e5\uff09
\u8bb2\u9898\uff1a\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7684\u706b\u7130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u706b\u70ed\u7684\u5fc3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u3000\u30001738 \u5e745 \u670824 \u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u4e9a\u5fb7\u95e8\u8857\uff0c\u536b\u65af\u91cc\u7ea6\u7ff0\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7977\u544a\u4f1a\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4ed6\u5931\u610f\u6cae\u4e27\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u4ed6\u662f\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u8bb2\u9053\u8bb2\u5230\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u6df1\u5904\u611f\u53d7\u4e0d\u5230\u771f\u6b63\u786e\u5b9e\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3a\u6b64\u800c\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u6e34\u671b\u80fd\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u53bb\u5f53\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u5374\u4ee5\u5931\u8d25\u544a\u7ec8\u800c\u5f52\u4e61\u3002\u4ed6\u6e34\u6c42\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7977\u544a\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u751f\u547d\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3000\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e48\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u665a\u4e0a\u65f6\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u5f88\u60c5\u613f\u7684\u53bb\u53c2\u52a0\u4e9a\u5fb7\u95e8\u8857\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u542c\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u8bfb\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u300b\u7684\u5e8f\u6587\u3002\u57288 \u70b945 \u5206\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u63cf\u8ff0\u795e\u85c9\u7740\u4eba\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u5fc3\u91cc\u6240\u65bd\u884c\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u5fc3\u4e2d\u5f02\u5e38\u706b\u70ed\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u786e\u5df2\u4fe1\u9760\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u552f\u9760\u57fa\u7763\u5f97\u6551\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u7942\u5df2\u7ecf\u9664\u53bb\u6211\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u5e76\u62ef\u6551\u6211\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u7f6a\u4e0e\u6b7b\u7684\u5f8b\u3002\u201d\u5f53\u7ea6\u7ff0\u542c\u5230\u5723\u7ecf\u8bb2\u89e3\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5fc3\u5c31\u611f\u5230\u5f02\u5e38\u706b\u70ed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u5929\u524d\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e94\u65ec\u8282\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f\u67e5\u7406\u4e5f\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u4ed6\u6b63\u5728\u8bfb\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u300a\u52a0\u62c9\u592a\u4e66\u300b\u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\uff0c\u8bfb\u5230\u4e8c20\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u540c\u9489\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u6211\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6d3b\u5728\u6211\u91cc\u9762\uff1b\u5982\u4eca\u5728\u8089\u8eab\u4e2d\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\u6211\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4fe1\u795e\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u800c\u6d3b\u7684\uff1b\u7942\u7231\u6211\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u820d\u5df1\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u7ecf\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6211\u201d\u8df3\u51fa\u6765\u4f7f\u4ed6\u611f\u540c\u8eab\u53d7\uff1a\u8036\u7a23\u7231\u6211\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u820d\u5df1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u7684\u5fc3\u4e5f\u706b\u70ed\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3000\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4ee5\u9a6c\u5fe4\u65af\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u95e8\u5f92\uff0c\u5f53\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u88ab\u655e\u5f00\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc3\u91cc\u706b\u70ed\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5144\u5f1f\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e8f\u6b20\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u6ce8\u91ca\u611f\u52a8\u4e86\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5144\u5f1f\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u590d\u5174\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7075\u5c06\u795e\u7684\u771f\u7406\u542f\u53d1\u6211\u4eec\u5185\u5fc3\uff0c\u9047\u89c1\u57fa\u7763\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u5c31\u88ab\u611f\u52a8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e38\u8bf4\u5faa\u9053\u536b\u7406\u5b97\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u201d\u3002\u5fc3\u4ee3\u8868\u6211\u4eec\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u53d7\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u4f5c\u51b3\u5b9a\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8981\u900f\u8fc7\u7942\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u548c\u7942\u7684\u7075\u6765\u611f\u52a8\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u30021742 \u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4e9a\u5fb7\u65af\u95e8\u8857\u7ecf\u5386\u56db\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u5199\u4e0b\u8fd9\u9996\u5723\u8bd7\u300a\u54e6\uff01\u5fc3\u554a\uff0c\u8981\u8d5e\u7f8e\u6211\u7684\u795e\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u300a\u613f\u6709\u65b0\u5fc3\u300b\uff0c\u6b4c\u8bcd\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. \u4f46\u613f\u6211\u6709\u8d5e\u4e3b\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u6b64\u5fc3\u4ece\u7f6a\u91ca\u653e\uff0c
    \u3000\u65f6\u5e38\u611f\u53d7\u6551\u4e3b\u5b9d\u8840\uff0c\u5df2\u6d12\u5728\u6211\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>
  2. \u613f\u6709\u6eab\u548c\u987a\u670d\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f5c\u6211\u6551\u4e3b\u5b9d\u5ea7\uff0c
    \u3000\u6b64\u5fc3\u53ea\u542c\u57fa\u7763\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u60df\u72ec\u4e3b\u638c\u7ba1\u6211\u3002<\/li>
  3. \u613f\u6211\u7684\u5fc3\u610f\u5ff5\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u6709\u4e3b\u5723\u611b\u5145\u6eff\uff0c
    \u3000\u5723\u6d01\u3001\u6b63\u76f4\u3001\u7d14\u5584\u3001\u6eab\u826f\uff0c\u6070\u4e0e\u4e3b\u5fc3\u4e00\u822c\u3002<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u6b4c\u8bcd\u8bb2\u5230\u6551\u6069\u3001\u6210\u5723\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u4ee5\u53ca\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5728\u7231\u4e2d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u536b\u7406\u6559\u4f1a\u7edd\u5999\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u5723\u8bd7\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u4e86\u89e3\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5144\u5f1f\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u5fc3\u91cc\u706b\u70ed\u662f\u5faa\u9053\u795e\u5b66\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u655e\u5f00\u773c\u775b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u7ecf\u6587\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8981\u70b9\u662f\u201c\u655e\u5f00\u773c\u775b\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5fc3\u91cc\u706b\u70ed\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u655e\u5f00\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u8036\u7a23\u89e3\u91ca\u5b8c\u5723\u7ecf\u540e\uff0c\u7b2c30-31 \u8282\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5230\u4e86\u5403\u996d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7942\u62ff\u8d77\u997c\u6765\uff0c\u611f\u8c22\u4e86\uff0c\u64d8\u5f00\u9012\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u773c\u775b\u5f00\u4e86\uff0c\u624d\u8ba4\u51fa\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u6765\uff1b\u7942\u5374\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u9762\u524d\u4e0d\u89c1\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u63d0\u9192\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4e8b\u5de5\u2014\u2014\u795e\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u548c\u4e3b\u7684\u9910\u684c\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u656c\u62dc\u795e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\uff1a\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u9047\u89c1\u8036\u7a23\uff0c\u770b\u89c1\u8036\u7a23\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95e8\u5f92\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u773c\u775b\u5f00\u4e86\uff0c\u8ba4\u51fa\u8036\u7a23\uff0c\u5fc3\u5728\u96c0\u8dc3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ecf\u5386\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u5f88\u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u548c\u592a\u592a\u62dc\u8bbf\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e74\u8f7b\u592b\u5987\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u65e9\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5916\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u5230\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8ddf\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e7c\u5c0f\u7684\u5973\u513f\u95f2\u804a\u4f5c\u4f34\u3002\u5f53\u5979\u7684\u5988\u5988\u5230\u5bb6\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u4e86\u95e8\u7ad9\u5728\u95e8\u5916\uff0c\u5c0f\u5973\u5b69\u770b\u89c1\u4e86\uff0c\u8ba4\u51fa\u662f\u5988\u5988\uff0c\u9ad8\u5174\u5f97\u597d\u50cf\u8eab\u4f53\u5185\u6709\u5730\u9707\uff0c\u98a4\u6296\u6b22\u53eb\uff0c\u8fd9\u60c5\u666f\u4f7f\u6211\u81f3\u4eca\u96be\u5fd8\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u7231\u7684\u4eba\u8be5\u6709\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u95e8\u5f92\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u5f53\u7136\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u5efa\u8bae\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5230\u5723\u9910\u684c\u524d\uff0c\u8ba4\u51fa\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u8eab\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u201c\u5730\u9707\u201d\uff0c\u9ad8\u58f0\u6b22\u547c\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u655e\u5f00\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u773c\u775b\u770b\u89c1\u8036\u7a23\uff0c\u8ba4\u51fa\u8036\u7a23\uff0c\u5728\u5fc3\u91cc\u6df1\u6df1\u7684\u4f53\u4f1a\u7942\u3002\u8ba4\u51fa\u8036\u7a23\u53ca\u7942\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u4e0a\u6240\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8ba4\u51fa\u8036\u7a23\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5468\u56f4\u3001\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5faa\u9053\u536b\u7406\u5b97\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u793e\u7fa4\u5723\u6d01\u201d\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5468\u56f4\u3001\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\u3002\u4ece\u4e2a\u4eba\u5723\u6d01\u5230\u793e\u7fa4\u5723\u6d01\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u770b\u89c1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u660e\u767d\u795e\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u8036\u7a23\u66fe\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u770b\u89c1\u795e\u56fd\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5fc3\u4e2d\u548c\u56db\u5468\u56f4\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6551\u6069\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u3001\u4f5c\u795e\u513f\u5973\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\uff1b\u80fd\u655e\u5f00\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u773c\u775b\u770b\u89c1\u8036\u7a23\u548c\u7942\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5fc3\u91cc\u548c\u56db\u5468\u56f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u655e\u5f00\u773c\u775b\u800c\u6d3b\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u8ba4\u51fa\u8036\u7a23\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u6d3b\u5728\u6302\u540d\u7684\u3001\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u8d5b\u4e9a\u5148\u77e5\u5728\u4ee5\u8d5b\u4e9a\u4e66\u516d1\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u770b\u89c1\u4e3b\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u5947\u5999\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u201c\u90a3\u65f6\u6211\u547c\u53eb\uff1a\u2018\u6211\u6709\u7978\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u706d\u4ea1\u4e86\uff01\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u662f\u4e2a\u5634\u5507\u4e0d\u6d01\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53c8\u4f4f\u5728\u5634\u5507\u4e0d\u6d01\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u4e2d\u95f4\u2019\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u542c\u89c1\u4e3b\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u5bf9\u4e3b\u8bf4\u2026\u2026\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u8bcd\u2014\u2014\u6211\u770b\u89c1\uff0c\u6211\u542c\u89c1\uff0c\u6211\u547c\u53eb\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u4e3b\u8bf4\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u662f\u4ece\u4ee5\u8d5b\u4e9a\u770b\u89c1\u4e3b\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u4f1a\u662f\u8ddf\u968f\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ddf\u968f\u57fa\u7763\u7684\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u6696\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u5ea7\u4f4d\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u76d0\u7f50\u91cc\u7684\u76d0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c55\u73b0\u4e2a\u4eba\u5723\u6d01\u548c\u706b\u70ed\u7684\u5fc3\u53bb\u8ddf\u968f\u57fa\u7763\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u536b\u65af\u7406\u67e5\u7406\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u771f\u7406\u90fd\u5728\u4ed6\u6240\u5199\u7684\u5723\u8bd7\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u95fb\u540d\u7684\u5723\u8bde\u8bd7\u6b4c\u300a\u542c\u554a\u5929\u4f7f\u9ad8\u58f0\u5531\u300b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u771f\u795e\u62ab\u4e0a\u8840\u8089\u4f53\uff0c\u5723\u9053\u5316\u8eab\u964d\u5c18\u4e16
    \u3000\u3000\u7518\u4e0e\u5e38\u4eba\u540c\u8d77\u5c45\uff0c\u5927\u54c9\u6211\u4ee5\u9a6c\u5185\u5229\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u770b\u89c1\u771f\u795e\u62ab\u4e0a\u8840\u8089\u4f53\uff0c\u5723\u9053\u5316\u8eab\u964d\u5c18\u4e16\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f02\u8c61\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u9996\u662f\u300a\u54e6\uff0c\u7962\u662f\u90a3\u5965\u79d8\u7684\u997c\u300b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u542f\u5f00\u7962\u6d69\u5927\u6069\u5178\uff0c\u65bd\u884c\u798f\u97f3\u771f\u7406
    \u3000\u3000\u5f00\u6211\u4eec\u773c\u775b\u770b\u7962\u7684\u8138\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u53bb\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e3b\u3002
    \u3000\u3000\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u7977\u544a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7f8e\u5584\u7684\u811a\u8e2a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\u70b9\u706b\u70ed\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u70b9\u655e\u5f00\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u70b9\u5219\u662f\u7f8e\u5584\u7684\u811a\u8e2a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u8def\u5eff\u56db33\u8282\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u7acb\u65f6\u8d77\u6765\u56de\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u53bb\u3002\u201d\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4e00\u8def\u5954\u8dd1\u56de\u53bb\u7684\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u544a\u8bc9\u5176\u4ed6\u95e8\u5f92\u8bf4\uff1a\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u786e\u5b9e\u590d\u6d3b\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f20\u8bb2\u8fd9\u597d\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u7ea6\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u56db\u7ae0\u7684\u6492\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u5987\u4eba\uff0c\u5f53\u5979\u53d1\u73b0\u5230\u8036\u7a23\u5c31\u662f\u5f25\u8d5b\u4e9a\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u5bf9\u7740\u5979\u7684\u5fc3\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u5979\u6487\u4e0b\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u6c34\u7f50\u5728\u4e95\u8fb9\uff0c\u5954\u8dd1\u8fdb\u57ce\u53bb\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u4eba\u8036\u7a23\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7f8e\u5584\u7684\u811a\u8e2a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5faa\u9053\u536b\u7406\u4fe1\u5f92\u90fd\u6709\u5ba3\u6559\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u6025\u8feb\u5730\u5e7f\u4f20\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u597d\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u5723\u6d01\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u56e0\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u70ed\u5ff1\uff0c\u5faa\u9053\u536b\u7406\u5b97\u6269\u5c55\u975e\u5e38\u8fc5\u901f\u3002\u6709\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5faa\u9053\u536b\u7406\u6559\u4f1a\u66fe\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u6e34\u5207\u5c06\u798f\u97f3\u5e7f\u4f20\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u3002\u591a\u9a6c\u514b\uff08Thomas Coke\uff09\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u4f34\uff0c\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u7099\u70ed\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u5fc3\u5fd7\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u79f0\u4ed6\u4e3a\u201c\u5faa\u9053\u536b\u7406\u5b97\u7684\u8df3\u86a4\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u8df3\u5230\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u4f5c\u690d\u5802\u7684\u5148\u950b\u3002\u591a\u9a6c\u514b\u5728\u4e00\u8258\u5f80\u5357\u6d0b\u5230\u9521\u5170\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u5ba3\u6559\u7684\u8239\u4e0a\u901d\u4e16\u3002\u4ed6\u6709\u706b\u70ed\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u7075\u91cc\u4ed6\u80fd\u770b\u89c1\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6b7b\u5728\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3a\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4eba\u800c\u6b7b\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\u4ed6\u5954\u8d70\u3001\u822a\u884c\u5ba3\u626c\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u5faa\u9053\u5ba3\u6559\u4e8b\u5de5\uff0c\u5c06\u798f\u97f3\u4f20\u5230\u4e9a\u6d32\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u4f60\u6211\u662f\u5faa\u9053\u536b\u7406\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u7740\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e3a\u5931\u4e27\u7075\u9b42\u6709\u91cd\u62c5\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u7f8e\u5584\u7684\u811a\u8e2a\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u798f\u97f3\u5e26\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u534115\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u4ee5\u8d5b\u4e9a\u4e94\u5341\u4e8c7\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\uff1a\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f20\u7f8e\u4e8b\u62a5\u559c\u8baf\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u811a\u8e2a\u591a\u4e48\u7f8e\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u67e5\u7406\u662f\u4e2a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5723\u8bd7\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u8457\u4f5c\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5723\u8bd7\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u300a\u5949\u4e3b\u540d\u524d\u884c\u300b1-2\u8282\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u4e3b\u963f\uff0c\u6211\u5949\u7962\u540d\u524d\u884c\uff0c\u6bb7\u52e4\u4ece\u4e8b\u6bcf\u65e5\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b
    \u3000\u3000\u4e00\u5207\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8a00\u8bed\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6c7a\u610f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e3a\u7962\u800c\u6d3b\u3002
    \u3000\u3000\u7962\u4ee5\u667a\u6167\u6307\u5b9a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6073\u6c42\u52a9\u6211\u6b23\u7136\u52aa\u529b\uff1b
    \u3000\u3000\u4e00\u5207\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u4e3b\u540c\u5728\uff0c\u5bdf\u9a8c\u7962\u53ef\u559c\u6085\u65e8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8bd7\u6b4c\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u706b\u70ed\u7684\u5fc3\u3001\u655e\u5f00\u773c\u775b\u548c\u6709\u7f8e\u5584\u811a\u8e2a\u8005\u6240\u5199\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u65e9\u671f\u5faa\u9053\u536b\u7406\u5b97\u4fe1\u5f92\u884c\u4f7f\u5ba3\u6559\u7684\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u66f4\u751a\u4e8e\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7075\u6d3b\u654f\u6377\u3001\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u5f3a\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d8\u4e3a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5faa\u9053\u536b\u7406\u5b97\u521b\u59cb\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u5e9f\u5f03\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5ba3\u6559\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd4\u8001\u8fd8\u7ae5\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u7ae5\u5e74\u65f6\u5149\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6559\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u6398\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u590d\u539f\u6211\u4eec\u5ba3\u6559\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u52a0\u7d27\u811a\u6b65\uff0c\u8d76\u7d27\u5c06\u798f\u97f3\u5e7f\u4f20\uff0c\u5c06\u798f\u97f3\u548c\u795e\u7684\u7231\u5e26\u7ed9\u8d2b\u7a77\u548c\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u9053\u536b\u7406\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u5faa\u9053\u5b97\u7684\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7ed8\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u5fc3\u91cc\u706b\u70ed\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8bb8\u591a\u536b\u7406\u4f20\u7edf\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u6709\u4e2a\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u548c\u706b\u7130\uff0c\u71c3\u70e7\u706b\u70ed\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5faa\u9053\u536b\u7406\u5b97\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u7f8e\u5999\u7684\u5faa\u9053\u536b\u7406\u5b97\u56fe\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    \u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c31\u662f\u7f8e\u5584\u7684\u811a\u8e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u795e\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u613f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u542f\u53d1\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7942\u5728\u4e9a\u5fb7\u95e8\u8857\u6240\u884c\u7684\uff0c\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\uff09\u539f\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5904\u5883\u867d\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u3002\u8eab\u4e3a\u5faa\u9053\u536b\u7406\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u6398\u3001\u73cd\u60dc\u548c\u7ecf\u5386\uff08\u90a3\u4e9b\uff09\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u91cc\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7977\u544a\u662f\uff1a\u613f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u590d\u5174\u7942\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u655e\u5f00\u6211\u4eec\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u811a\u6b65\u3001\u53cc\u624b\u548c\u5507\u53e3\u968f\u7740\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7231\u7684\u8282\u594f\u524d\u884c\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5faa\u9053\u536b\u7406\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u5949\u884c\u6b64\u9053\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\uff0c\u8ddf\u968f\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u9053\uff0c\u4e0e\u536b\u65af\u7406\u5f1f\u5144\u4f5c\u4f34\u540c\u884c\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u6398\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u795e\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u547d\u6240\u5b9a\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u7977\u544a\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7236\u795e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u4ea4\u6258\u7ed9\u7962\uff0c\u6765\u65e5\u6c42\u7962\u8d50\u6211\u4eec\u71c3\u70e7\u706b\u70ed\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u5df2\u51b7\u6de1\u7684\u5fc3\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u706b\u70ed\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9047\u89c1\u8036\u7a23\uff0c\u795e\u7684\u7075\u8ba9\u7962\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u611f\u52a8\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u3002\u4e3b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7948\u6c42\u7962\u655e\u5f00\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u80fd\u770b\u89c1\u90a3\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e16\u754c\u65b0\u95fb\u63d0\u8981\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u90a3\u6346\u7ed1\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u53ea\u770b\u89c1\u7962\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u89c1\u7684\uff1b\u770b\u89c1\u90a3\u8d85\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5730\u5e73\u7ebf\uff0c\u770b\u89c1\u90a3\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u7684\uff1b\u770b\u89c1\u8036\u7a23\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5fc3\u4e2d\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u4f5c\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3000\u3000\u4e3b\uff0c\u5f00\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u5f00\u7f8e\u5584\u7684\u811a\u8e2a\uff0c\u5c06\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u4f20\u7ed9\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fd8\u672a\u542c\u8fc7\u7962\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u4f53\u9a8c\u795e\u7231\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u9700\u8981\u548c\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4e3b\uff0c\u611f\u52a8\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u884c\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u7231\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\uff08\u5c31\uff09\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5faa\u9053\u7684\u536b\u7406\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u590d\u5174\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u8363\u8000\u5f52\u7962\uff0c\u5949\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u540d\u7977\u544a\uff0c\u963f\u4eec\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u536b\u65af\u7406\u7684\u706b\u7130 \u7eb8\u4e0a\u8bb2\u575b \u8bb2\u5458\uff1a\u7f57\u62d4\u7279\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\uff08Robert M. Solomon\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u536b\u7406\u516c\u4f1a\u8363\u8a89\u4f1a\u7763\uff09\u8bd1\u8005\uff1aGrace Jeya\u65e5\u671f\uff1a2021 \u5e745 \u670823 \u65e5\uff08\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7ea6\u7ff0\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3b\u65e5\uff09\u8bb2\u9898\uff1a\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7684\u706b\u7130 \u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\u70b9\u706b\u70ed\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u70b9\u655e\u5f00\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u70b9\u5219\u662f\u7f8e\u5584\u7684\u811a\u8e2a\u3002 \u4eb2\u7231\u7684\u4e3b\u5185\u5f1f\u5144\u59d0\u59b9\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u5949\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u6551\u4e3b\u7684\u540d\u95ee\u5019\u5927\u5bb6\u3002\u6211\u501f\u6b64\u673a\u4f1a\u8c22\u8c22\u8d3e\u53e4\u739b\u4f1a\u7763\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u6765\u5206\u4eab\u4e9a\u5fb7\u95e8\u8857\u4e3b\u65e5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u7977\u544a\u6765\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9762\u524d\uff1a 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